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Mathematical Topics In Population Genetics

59,61€ + 10% CARD

 A basic method of analyzing particulate gene systems is the proba bilistic and statistical analyses. Mendel himself could not escape from an application of elementary probability analysis although he might have been unaware of this fact. Even Galtonian geneticists in the late 1800''s and the early 1900''s pursued problems of heredity by means of mathe matics and mathematical statistics. They failed to find the principles of heredity, but succeeded to establish an interdisciplinary area between mathematics and biology, which we call now Biometrics, Biometry, or Applied Statistics. A monumental work in the field of popUlation genetics was published by the late R. A. Fisher, who analyzed "the correlation among relatives" based on Mendelian gene theory (1918). This theoretical analysis over came "so-called blending inheritance" theory, and the orientation of Galtonian explanations for correlations among relatives for quantitative traits rapidly changed. We must not forget the experimental works of Johanson (1909) and Nilsson-Ehle (1909) which supported Mendelian gene theory. However, a large scale experiment for a test of segregation and linkage of Mendelian genes affecting quantitative traits was, prob ably for the first time, conducted by K. Mather and his associates and Panse in the 1940''s.
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Applied Mathematical Ecology

59,61€ + 10% CARD

 The Second Autumn Course on Mathematical Ecology was held at the Intern ational Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy in November and December of 1986. During the four year period that had elapsed since the First Autumn Course on Mathematical Ecology, sufficient progress had been made in applied mathemat ical ecology to merit tilting the balance maintained between theoretical aspects and applications in the 1982 Course toward applications. The course format, while similar to that of the first Autumn Course on Mathematical Ecology, consequently focused upon applications of mathematical ecology. Current areas of application are almost as diverse as the spectrum covered by ecology. The topiys of this book reflect this diversity and were chosen because of perceived interest and utility to developing countries. Topical lectures began with foundational material mostly derived from Math ematical Ecology: An Introduction (a compilation of the lectures of the 1982 course published by Springer-Verlag in this series, Volume 17) and, when possible, progressed to the frontiers of research. In addition to the course lectures, workshops were arranged for small groups to supplement and enhance the learning experience. Other perspectives were provided through presentations by course participants and speakers at the associated Research Conference. Many of the research papers are in a companion volume, Mathematical Ecology: Proceedings Trieste 1986, published by World Scientific Press in 1988. This book is structured primarily by application area. Part II provides an introduction to mathematical and statistical applications in resource management.
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Canonical Analysis - A Review With Applications In Ecology

by R. Gittins

59,61€ + 10% CARD

 Relationships between sets of variables of different kinds are of interest in many branches of science. The question of the analysis of relationships of this sort has nevertheless rather surprisingly received less attention from statisticians and others than it would seem to deserve. Of the available methods, that address ing the question most directly is canonical correlation analysis, here referred to for convenience as canonical analysis. Yet canonical analysis is often coolly received despite a lack of suitable alternatives. The purpose of this book is to clarify just what may and what may not be accomplished by means of canoni cal analysis in one field of scientific endeavor. Canonical analysis is concerned with reducing the correlation structure be tween two (or more) sets of variables to its simplest possible form. After a review of the nature and properties of canonical analysis, an assessment of the method as an exploratory tool of use in ecological investigations is made. Applications of canonical analysis to several sets of ecological data are described and discussed with this objective in mind. The examples are drawn largely from plant ecology. The position is adopted that canonical analysis exists primarily to be used; the examples are accordingly worked through in some detail with the aim of showing how canonical analysis can contribute towards the attainment of ecological goals, as well as to indicate the kind and extent of the insight afforded.
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Complexity, Language, And Life: Mathematical Approaches

59,61€ + 10% CARD

 In May 1984 the Swedish Council for Scientific Research convened a small group of investigators at the scientific research station at Abisko, Sweden, for the purpose of examining various conceptual and mathematical views of the evolution of complex systems.
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Vertically Transmitted Diseases - Models And Dynamics

by Kenneth Cooke e Stavros Busenberg

59,61€ + 10% CARD

 Infectious diseases are transmitted through variousdifferent mechanisms including person to personinteractions, by insect vectors and via verticaltransmission from a parent to an unborn offspring. Thepopulation dynamics of such disease transmission can be verycomplicated and the development of rational strategies forcontrolling and preventing the spread of these diseasesrequires careful modeling and analysis.The book describes current methods for formulating modelsand analyzing the dynamics of the propagation of diseaseswhich include vertical transmission as one of the mechanismsfor their spread. Generic models that describe broad classesof diseases as well as models that are tailored to thedynamics of a specific infection are formulated andanalyzed. The effects of incubation periods, maturationdelays, and age-structure, interactions between diseasetransmission and demographic changes, population crowding,spatial spread, chaotic dynamic behavior, seasonalperiodicities and discrete time interval events are studiedwithin the context of specific disease transmission models.No previous background in disease transmission modeling andanalysis is assumedand the required biological concepts andmathematical methods are gradually introduced within thecontext of specific disease transmission models. Graphs arewidely used to illustrate and explain the modelingassumptions and results.REMARKS: NOTE: the authors have supplied variants on thepromotion text that are more suitable for promotionindifferent fields (by virtue of different emphasis in thecontent). They are not enclosed, but in the mathematicseditorial.
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Introduction To Theoretical Population Genetics

by Thomas Nagylaki

131,84€ + 10% CARD

 This book covers those areas of theoretical population genetics that can be investigated rigorously by elementary mathematical methods. I have tried to formulate the various models fairly generally and to state the biological as sumptions quite explicitly. I hope the choice and treatment of topics will en able the reader to understand and evaluate detailed analyses of many specific models and applications in the literature. Models in population genetics are highly idealized, often even over idealized, and their connection with observation is frequently remote. Further more, it is not practicable to measure the parameters and variables in these models with high accuracy. These regrettable circumstances amply justify the use of appropriate, lucid, and rigorous approximations in the analysis of our models, and such approximations are often illuminating even when exact solu tions are available. However, our empirical and theoretical limitations justify neither opaque, incomplete formulations nor unconvincing, inadequate analy ses, for these may produce uninterpretable, misleading, or erroneous results. Intuition is a principal source of ideas for the construction and investigation of models, but it can replace neither clear formulation nor careful analysis. Fisher (1930; 1958, pp. x, 23-24, 38) not only espoused similar ideas, but he recognized also that our concepts of intuition and rigor must evolve in time. The book is neither a review of the literature nor a compendium of results. The material is almost entirely self-contained. The first eight chapters are a thoroughly revised and greatly extended version of my published lecture notes (Nagylaki, 1977a).
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Mathematical Demography - Selected Papers

by D. Smith e Nathan Keyfitz

95,40€ + 10% CARD

 This volume is an effort to bring together important contributions to the mathe matical development of demography and to suggest briefly their historical context. We have tried to find who first thought of the several concepts and devices commonly used by demographers, what sort of problem he was facing to which the device or concept seemed the solution, and how his invention developed subsequently in the hands of others. Historically, the book starts with a Roman table of life expectancies from the third century a. d. about which we know little, and with John Graunt''s explora tions in an area that was still popularly suspect when he wrote in 1662. These are followed by the astronomer Halley, who looked into the field long enough to invent the life table and to notice that Their Majesties would take a sizeable loss on the annuity scheme they had just launched; and by Euler, who was first to devise the formulas of stable population theory and to apply them to filling gaps in data To these we add the handful of further contributions in the 19th century and many pieces from the explosion of contributions that began in this century with Lotka. We doubt that we have managed to trace everything back to its ultimate beginning, and suspect that our nominees in some cases have been anticipated by predecessors who will be turned up by other students.
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Network Models In Population Biology

by E. R. Lewis

59,61€ + 10% CARD

 This book is an outgrowth of one phase of an upper-division course on quantitative ecology, given each year for the past eight at Berkeley. I am most grateful to the students in that course and to many graduate students in the Berkeley Department of Zoology and Colleges of Engineering and Natural Resources whose spirited discussions inspired much of the book''s content. I also am deeply grateful to those faculty colleagues with whom, at one time or another, I have shared courses or seminars in ecology or population biology, D.M. Auslander, L. Demetrius, G. Oster, O.H. Paris, F.A. Pitelka, A.M. Schultz, Y. Takahashi, D.B. Tyler, and P. Vogelhut, all of whom contributed substantially to the development of my thinking in those fields, to my Depart mental colleagues E. Polak and A.J. Thomasian, who guided me into the litera ture on numerical methods and stochastic processes, and to the graduate students who at one time or another have worked with me on population-biology projects, L.M. Brodnax, S-P. Chan, A. Elterman, G.C. Ferrell, D. Green, C. Hayashi, K-L. Lee, W.F. Martin Jr., D. May, J. Stamnes, G.E. Swanson, and I. Weeks, who, together, undoubtedly provided me with the greatest inspiration. I am indebted to the copy-editing and production staff of Springer-Verlag, especially to Ms. M. Muzeniek, for their diligence and skill, and to Mrs. Alice Peters, biomathematics editor, for her patience.
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Deterministic Aspects Of Mathematical Demography - An Investigation Of The Stable Theory Of Population Including An Analysis Of The Population Statistics Of Denmark

by J. Impagliazzo

59,61€ + 10% CARD

 Mathematical Demography, the study of population and its analysis through mathematical models, has received increased interest in the mathematical com munity in recent years. It was not until the twentieth century, however, that the study of population, predominantly human population, achieved its math ematical character. The subject of mathematical demography can be viewed from either a deterministic viewpoint or from a stochastic viewpoint. For the sake of brevity, stochastic models are not included in this work. It is, therefore, my intention to consider only established deterministic models in this discussion, starting with the life table as the earliest model, to a generalized matrix model which is developed in this treatise. These deterministic models provide sufficient de velopment and conclusions to formulate sound mathematical population analy sis and estimates of population projections. It should be noted that although the subject of mathematical demography focuses on human populations, the development and results may be applied to any population as long as the preconditions that make the model valid are maintained. Information concerning mathematical demography is at best fragmented.
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Stochastic Processes In Demography And Their Computer Implementation

by C.J. Mode

59,61€ + 10% CARD

 According to a recent report of the United States Census Bureau, world population as of June 30, 1983, was estimated at about 4. 7 billion people; of this total, an estimated 82 million had been added in the previous year. World population in 1950 was estimated at about 2. 5 billion; consequently, if 82 million poeple are added to the world population in each of the coming four years, population size will be double that of 1950. Another way of viewing the yearly increase in world population is to compare it to 234 million, the estimated current population of the United States. If the excess of births over deaths continues, a group of young people equivalent to the population of the United States will be added to the world population about every 2. 85 years. Although the rate of increase in world population has slowed since the midsixties, it seems likely that large numbers of infants will be added to the population each year for the foreseeable future. A large current world population together with a high likelihood of sub stantial increments in size every year has prompted public and scholarly recognition of population as a practical problem. Tangible evidence in the public domain that population is being increasingly viewed as a problem is provided by the fact that many governments around the world either have or plan to implement policies regarding population. Evidence of scholarly concern is provided by an increasing flow of publications dealing with population.
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Positive Feedback In Natural Systems

by Curtis C. Travis, Donald L. Deangelis e Wilfried M. Post

59,61€ + 10% CARD

 Cybernetics, a science concerned with understanding how systems are regulated, has reflected the preoccupations of the century in which it was born. Regulation is important in twentieth century society, where both machines and social organizations are complex. Cybernetics focused on and became primarily associated with the homeostasis or stability of system behavior and with the negative feedbacks that stabilize systems. It paid less attention to the processes opposite to negative feedback, the positive feedback processes that act to change systems. We attempt to redress the balance here by illustrating the enormous importance of positive feedbacks in natural systems. In an article in the American Scientist in 1963, Maruyama called for increased attention to this topic, noting that processes of change could occur when a "deviation in anyone component of the system caused deviations in other components that acted back on the first component to reinforce of amplify the initial deviation." The deviation amplification is the result of positive feedback among system components. Maruyama demonstrated by numerous examples that the neglect of such processes was unjustified and suggested that a new branch of cybernetics, "the second cybernetics," be devoted to their study.
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Community Food Webs - Data And Theory

by Charles M. Newman, Frederic Briand e Joel E. Cohen

59,61€ + 10% CARD

 Food webs hold a central place in ecology. They describe which organisms feed on which others in natural habitats. This book describes recently discovered empirical regularities in real food webs: it proposes a novel theory unifying many of these regularities, as well as extensive empirical data. After a general introduction, reviewing the empirical and theoretical discoveries about food webs, the second portion of the book shows that community food webs obey several striking phenomenological regularities. Some of these unify, regardless of habitat. Others differentiate, showing that habitat significantly influences structure. The third portion of the book presents a theoretical analysis of some of the unifying empirical regularities. The fourth portion of the book presents 113 community food webs. Collected from scattered sources and carefully edited, they are the empirical basis for the results in the volume. The largest available set of data on community food webs provides a valuable foundation for future studies of community food webs. The book is intended for graduate students, teachers and researchers primarily in ecology. The theoretical portions of the book provide materials useful to teachers of applied combinatorics, in particular, random graphs. Researchers in random graphs will find here unsolved mathematical problems.
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Genetic Structure Of Populations

by Albert Jacquard

59,61€ + 10% CARD

 It is part of the ideology of science that it is an international enterprise, carried out by a community that knows no barriers of nation or culture. But the reality is somewhat different. Despite the best intentions of scientists to form a single community, unseparated by differences of national and political viewpoint, they are, in fact, separated by language. Scientific literature in German is not generally assimilated by French workers, nor that appearing in French by those whose native language is English. The problem appears to have become more severe since the last war, because the ascendance of the United States as the preeminent economic power led, in a time of big and expensive science, to a pre dominance of American scientific production and a growing tendency (at least among English-speakers) to regard English as the international language of science. International congresses and journals of world circulation have come more and more to take English as their standard or official language. As a result, students and scientific workers in the English speaking world have become more linguistically parochial than ever before and have been cut off from a considerable scientific literature. Population genetics has been no exception to the rule. The elegant and extremely innovative theoreticaI work of Malecot, for example, is only now being properly assimilated by population biologists outside France. It was therefore with some sense of frustration that I read Prof.
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Mathematical Biology

by James D. Murray

95,40€ + 10% CARD

 Mathematical biology - the use of mathematical ideas andmodels in the biosciences - is a fast growing, very excitingand increasingly important inderdisciplinary field. Thistextbook is an account of some of the major techniques andmodels used and of some genuine practical applications drawnfrom current areas of research interest in, for example,population ecology, developmental biology, physiology,epidemiology and evolution. It provides the reader with athorough background, sufficient to start genuineinterdisciplinary collaborative reserach with biomedicalscientists.
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Mathematical Biology

by James D. Murray

95,40€ + 10% CARD

 Mathematics has always benefited from its involvement with developing sciences. Each successive interaction revitalises and enhances the field. Biomedical science is clearly the premier science of the foreseeable future. For the continuing health of their subject mathematicians must become involved with biology. With the example of how mathematics has benefited from and influenced physics, it is clear that if mathematicians do not become involved in the biosciences they will simply not be a part of what are likely to be the most important and exciting scientific discoveries of all time. Mathematical biology is a fast growing, well recognised, albeit not clearly defined, subject and is, to my mind, the most exciting modern application of mathematics. The increasing use of mathematics in biology is inevitable as biol ogy becomes more quantitative. The complexity of the biological sciences makes interdisciplinary involvement essential. For the mathematician, biology opens up new and exciting branches while for the biologist mathematical modelling offers another research tool commmensurate with a new powerful laboratory technique but only if used appropriately and its limitations recognised. However, the use of esoteric mathematics arrogantly applied to biological problems by mathemati cians who know little about the real biology, together with unsubstantiated claims as to how important such theories are, does little to promote the interdisciplinary involvement which is so essential. Mathematical biology research, to be useful and interesting, must be relevant biologically.
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Molecular Evolution

by Andrey A. Zharkikh, Andrey S. Antonov, Nikolay Kolchanov, Sergey N. Rodin, Vadim A. Ratner e Viktor V. Solovyov

118,59€ + 10% CARD

 Develops the constructive synthesis of the concepts, factual data, mathematical methods, theoretical models, scientific results, interpretations in the field of the Theory of Origin and further Evolution of Molecular Genetic Regulatory Systems, their macromolecular components and subsystems.
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The Embryology Of The Human Locomotor System

by Hans K. Uhthoff

121,66€ + 10% CARD

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 The proÂ gression of changes taking place during the next 3 weeks is so rapid that at the time when the embryo measures 3 cm, all structures familiar to us are not only easily recognizable, but also already in their anatomical position.
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Mathematical Ecology - An Introduction

59,61€ + 10% CARD
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The Genetic Structure Of Populations

by Albert Jacquard

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