Introdução À Tragédia De Sófocles eBook

One of the emblematic philosophers of the late nineteenth century, he was born in 1844 in Röcken and died in 1900, stricken with dementia, in Weimar. His reflections are characterized by a violent criticism of the values of Western culture.

In fact, for Nietzsche, the decadence of the West began when philosophical discourse, after Socrates, came to discard the synthesis that had been achieved in Greek tragedy, replacing the Apollonian/Dionysian harmony (representing the ambivalence of the human essence, divided between passionate immeasurability and rational measure) by a discourse of appearances, deceptive and illusory, which transforms authentic reality into empty metaphors. This process of devitalization will find its apogee with the affirmation of Judeo-Christian morality, "slave morality", a reflection of a hypocritical machination of weak, ignoble and vile individuals in an attempt to weaken and dominate the valiant by cunning.
Nietzsche's critique even ends up covering the foundations of reason, considering that error and daydreaming are at the basis of cognitive processes and that faith in science, like any faith in absolute truths, is nothing more than a chimera.
Not limiting, however, to denouncing a state of mind dominated by submission to ancestral values, powerless to create something new and propagating obedience and servitude as supreme principles, by proclaiming the "death of God" and the abolition of all tutelage, Nietzsche proceeds to announce a new era centered on the exaltation of the will to power, prerogative of the truly free man, the superman, who knows no other dictates than those he himself establishes. However, the superman is not only dominated by selfishness, but it is up to him to direct the anonymous and ignorant "mass" to a higher stage in which vital values, joy and spontaneity allow the reaffirmation of the creative instinct of humanity.

A paradoxical thinker, he associates the superman with the awareness of the eternal return, seeking, perhaps, to express the cyclical aspect of historical movements or the impossibility of ever reaching a supreme degree of perfection in the becoming of Man.
Expressing himself in an aphoristic way and keeping all his statements on the threshold of immediate intelligibility, Nietzsche was a unique philosopher, as innovative as he was polemical: by exalting, to the detriment of reason, the faculty of the will as the core of the human essence and the true motor of becoming and placing himself in a position of profound skepticism regarding the foundations of ethics and morals, he profoundly shook the pillars of rationalism, and is therefore considered one of the "philosophers of suspicion" (alongside Marx and Freud), in the wake of the "crisis of reason" that profoundly marked philosophy in the twentieth century. Among his works are:
The Origin of Tragedy (1872), Human, All Too Human (1878), Aurora (1881), The Gay Science (1882), Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883-85), Beyond Good and Evil (1886), The Will to Power (1886, published in 1906), The Genealogy of Morals (1887), Ecce Homo (1888), The Antichrist (1888).