Resultados de Pesquisa

INGLÊS

Approaches To Common Diseases In Family Medicine Practice With Clinical Practice Guidelines

~~357,75€~~ 321,98€ 10% IMEDIATO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 Family physicians must make patient care decisions by carefully, transparently, and rationally using the best available evidence. This can be achieved through the practice of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). To practice EBM, the physician needs to integrate their clinical experience with the best available evidence obtained through systematic research, along with the patient's values and expectations. The combination of the patient's conditions and preferences with the best available evidence will elevate the quality of the physician's decisions to the highest level. When evaluating a patient, the physician must rapidly and appropriately formulate a clinical question, seek answers in the evidence, critically appraise this evidence, and apply the obtained information to clinical practice. The easiest and most straightforward way to do this in practice is by using Clinical Practice Guidelines. Clinical Practice Guidelines are statements that include recommendations aimed at improving patient care by systematically reviewing evidence and evaluating the benefits and risks of alternative care options. The better organized and solidly grounded primary healthcare services are in a country, the more resolved the health problems of that country's population will be. Although family physicians, who form the most fundamental part of primary healthcare systems, serve a limited population, the scope of their services is quite broad. Due to the diversity of healthcare services, more resources will be needed for evidence-based and accurate clinical practices related to potential medical situations. One of the most important steps to strengthen primary healthcare is to provide specialized training for family physicians. Through specialized training, comprehensive and continuous patient-centered healthcare can be delivered to all patients in the community. The more equipped primary care physicians are and the more effectively they use available resources, the higher the quality of the service they provide will be. At this stage, it is crucial that the delivery of primary healthcare services, adopting an evidence-based medicine approach, becomes a part of health policy. In this regard, it is essential for family physicians to use clinical practice guidelines in managing the diseases they frequently encounter in their daily practice. This book will address the common diseases encountered by family physicians according to the recommendations of clinical practice guidelines available globally.
INGLÊS

Recent Advances In Nuclear Medicine

de Maajid Mohi Ud Din Malik

~~304,75€~~ 274,28€ 10% IMEDIATO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 This book is a groundbreaking and comprehensive exploration of the latest innovations in nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. Authored by distinguished expert Dr. Maajid Mohi Ud Din Malik, this book presents a thorough examination of the revolutionary advances transforming the field of nuclear medicine. Nuclear medicine stands at the forefront of modern medical diagnostics and therapeutics, playing a crucial role in early detection, accurate diagnosis, and targeted treatment of various diseases. As technological capabilities expand and our understanding of molecular processes deepens, the field continues to evolve at an unprecedented pace. This authoritative volume guides readers through the fundamental principles of nuclear medicine to the most advanced applications of molecular imaging. From the emergence of total-body PET systems to the integration of artificial intelligence, from novel radiopharmaceutical developments to theranostic applications, each chapter meticulously explores key aspects of modern nuclear medicine practice, providing detailed insights into cutting-edge technologies and their clinical implementations. This book covers an extensive range of topics, including PET/CT and SPECT/CT hybrid imaging, quantitative imaging biomarkers, precision oncology, radio-guided surgery, targeted radionuclide therapy, advances in pediatric nuclear medicine, radiation safety, and emerging technologies. Special attention is given to the revolutionary impact of artificial intelligence and quantum computing in nuclear medicine, exploring how these technologies are reshaping image reconstruction, analysis, and clinical decision-making processes. A distinctive feature of this volume is its comprehensive coverage of theranostics beyond oncology, examining novel applications in rheumatology, infectious diseases, and psychiatric disorders. The author provides invaluable insights into how molecular imaging techniques are expanding beyond traditional applications to address new clinical challenges. With its authentic content, practical approach, and forward-looking perspective, this book is poised to become a definitive reference in the field of nuclear medicine. It not only captures the current state of the art but also provides crucial insights into the future of molecular imaging and its role in advancing personalized medicine.
INGLÊS

Common Diseases According To Family Medicine Practice Guidelines

~~304,75€~~ 274,28€ 10% IMEDIATO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 Family physicians need to make decisions about patient care using the best available evidence carefully, transparently and rationally. This can be achieved with Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) practices. The practice of EBM requires the physician to integrate his or her clinical experience with the best available evidence from systematic research and with the patient's values and expectations. Combining the patient's circumstances and preferences with the best available evidence will maximize the quality of the physician's decisions. While evaluating a patient, the physician must quickly and appropriately create a clinical question, seek the answer to this question in the evidence, evaluate this evidence critically, and reflect this knowledge to patient practices in the clinic. The easiest and shortest way to do this is to use Clinical Practice Guidelines in practice. Clinical Practice Guidelines are statements containing recommendations based on systematic research-based evidence and assessments of the benefits and harms of alternative care options to optimize patient care. This book discusses the family medicine issues through different aspects.
INGLÊS

Current Approaches To Pain Management

~~304,75€~~ 274,28€ 10% IMEDIATO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 Pain has been interpreted in different ways throughout history. For example, while in the Middle Ages it was thought that headaches could be the work of evil forces, today they are classified into many subgroups and different treatments have been developed. Although pain is an important indicator due to its potential to indicate an underlying disease, its presence, whether related or independent, and especially chronically, negatively affects the quality of life. Considering all these conditions, pain has a very special place in the current medical world both in diagnosis and treatment. In this context, the Editors aim to examine current approaches to pain management in this book. The Editors also talk about the history of pain and its anatomy, physiology and pharmacology to better understand it. Thus, the readers embark on both a historical and biological journey of pain.
INGLÊS

Handling Global Health Problems With North Sumatra Local Wisdom

~~258,38€~~ 232,54€ 10% IMEDIATO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 In a world where health challenges transcend borders, finding solutions requires more than just scientific advancements it demands an understanding of the cultural, social, and local contexts that shape health behaviors and outcomes, especially in North Sumatra, Indonesia. This book explores the intersection of the global health crises and traditional knowledge, offering an innovative approach to tackling complex issues such as infectious diseases, mental health, and chronic illnesses. This book delves into how communities around the globe adapt their indigenous practices to modern health challenges, showcasing real-world examples of successful collaborations between local wisdom and global health initiatives. From using traditional dietary habits to combat malnutrition, to incorporating community-driven mental health strategies, the book highlights the untapped potential of integrating cultural insights into health solutions. Designed for global health professionals, policy-makers, researchers, and students, this book emphasizes the importance of inclusivity and respect for diverse knowledge systems in achieving sustainable health outcomes. With a mix of theory, case studies, and actionable strategies, it is a must-read for anyone seeking to bridge the gap between global health goals and local realities.
INGLÊS

Systematic Approach To Drug-Related Problems In Hospitalized Patients

~~108,65€~~ 97,79€ 10% IMEDIATO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 This book focuses on identification and resolution of drug-related problems (DRPs) utilizing a systematic approach. Each chapter begins with the ''description of the patient'', i.e. demographics, present complaints, past medical history, family history, social history, allergies, medication history, relevant vitals and laboratory values. This is followed by the ‘DRP assessment’ consisting of checking for the presence of any DRP class and providing solutions of the identified DRPs according to the most recent pharmacotherapy knowledge. It includes specific chapters on individual cases of several disease states encountered in the hospital setting, namely: sepsis, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hypothyroidism, diabetes, epilepsy, ischemic stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, urinary tract infection, pancreas cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia. The book is written especially for the student and the practicing pharmacists while some other health care professionals may also benefit.
INGLÊS

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of The Brain In Developmental Communication Disorders

de Meysam Amidfar

~~125,88€~~ 113,29€ 10% IMEDIATO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 Interest in the field of developmental communication disorders has increased in recent years in a wide range of disciplines including psychology, psychiatry, rehabilitation and neuroscience. The interdisciplinary nature of these disorders complicates the study and research on these disorders, and multidisciplinary methods have been used to investigate them. Magnetic resonance imaging methods are among the methods that have been commonly used in recent decades to study developmental communication disorders. For this purpose, this book provides an overview of the role of magnetic resonance imaging techniques in researching communication disorders in children.
INGLÊS

Advances In Radiography

de Maajid Mohi Ud Din Malik

~~304,75€~~ 274,28€ 10% IMEDIATO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 This book is a comprehensive and timely compilation of the latest advancements in the field of radiography. Authored by renowned experts Maajid Mohi Ud Din Malik and Abhay Saraf, this book delves into the exciting world of radiography and its evolving landscape. Radiography plays a vital role in medical imaging, aiding in the diagnosis and treatment of various medical conditions. With rapid advancements in technology, this discipline has witnessed ground-breaking developments, revolutionizing the way we visualize and understand the human body. This book takes readers on a journey through the history and principles of radiography, providing a solid foundation for understanding the subsequent chapters. From the transition from traditional film systems to digital radiography, to the recent advances in CT scanning, 3D reconstruction, and quantitative analysis, each chapter explores a specific aspect of radiography, shedding light on cutting-edge technologies and their applications. The book covers a wide range of topics, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, nuclear medicine, interventional radiology, mammography, radiation safety, AI in radiology, emerging techniques, radiographer education, and picture archiving systems. Each chapter provides in-depth insights into the principles, applications, and impact of these technologies on patient care. One of the highlights of this book is the dedicated chapter on artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology. The authors delve into the transformative potential of AI in improving image analysis and workflow efficiencies, paving the way for enhanced diagnostic accuracy and streamlined radiology processes. This book is a must-have resource for radiographers, radiologists, medical professionals, researchers, and students seeking to stay updated with the latest advancements in radiography. The book not only presents a comprehensive overview of the field but also serves as a practical guide for incorporating these technologies into clinical practice. With its authoritative content, detailed explanations, and emphasis on patient safety, this book fosters a deeper understanding of radiography and its role in modern healthcare. It encourages critical thinking, stimulates innovation, and inspires collaboration among professionals in the field. Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc., renowned for their commitment to disseminating cutting-edge research, "Advances in Radiography: Exploring New and Emerging Technologies" is a valuable resource that will inspire further research, fuel technological advancements, and ultimately contribute to improved patient care in the field of radiography.
INGLÊS

Current Clinical Recommendations And Applications For The Uses Of Platelet Rich Plasma

~~258,38€~~ 232,54€ 10% IMEDIATO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 This first edition of Current Clinical Recommendations and Application for Use of Platelet Rich Plasma is written by many of the leading scientists and clinicians who have been responsible for the dramatic progress in platelet rich plasma use. The purpose of the book is to deal with all aspects of its usage areas. The authors have met the expectation that practice guidelines be based either on convincing available evidence or on consensus statements of authoritative organizations. The book will be useful for dermatologists, obstetricians, urologists, orthopedics, physical therapy, and rehabilitation specialists.
INGLÊS

Therapeutic Advances In Human Health And Diseases

~~304,75€~~ 274,28€ 10% IMEDIATO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 The book has imperative and up-to-date information on the basics to advanced therapeutic approaches against various life-threatening diseases including vector and parasite-borne diseases, COVID-19, Mucormycosis, and cancer as well. The book harbors extensive knowledge about the applications and effective utilization of advanced personalized medicines, target-based nanoencapsulated phytochemicals, and herbal nanomedicines against life-threatening diseases including cancer, thereby having implications in the cancer biology field encompassing pharmaceutical and life science sectors considerably. Moreover, the proposed book would provide a strong platform for delineating the complex mechanism underlying the disease therapeutics along with the potential therapies countering the existing menace of drug resistance, especially concerning cancer. More so the book will showcase the recent advances in the use of nanocomposite films and molecular-mediated drug delivery for therapeutic applications. The uniqueness of this book is to provide all the possible information from basics to advanced nano-therapeutics at a single platform making it a valuable informative source to the graduates of various universities across the globe to understand multifaceted therapeutic applications against life-threatening diseases. The book is an outstanding compilation comprising comprehensive information on therapeutic advances at a single platform. The book is apt to the present needs and well aligned with the offered curricula in Universities across the globe for UG, PG, and Ph.D. programs encompassing life sciences, medical, paramedical, and pharmaceutical courses. The diversity of chapters in the book are going to covers various aspects of the parasites, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis along with the pivotal role of nanotechnology in drug discovery and nano-biosensors for the detection of coronavirus as well. Moreover, the book has interesting elements of futuristic personalized medicines in combating coronavirus along with remedial therapeutic measures against coronavirus-induced mucormycosis. Another chapter deals with multifaceted therapeutic advances in life-threatening human diseases from traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine to nano-based targeted drug delivery. In the end, the authors have shed light on understanding oncogenesis and cancer and finding an amicable therapeutic nanomedicine solution paving the way towards individualized medicine therapeutics against cancer. With the advent of newer technologies such as combinatorial chemistry high-throughput screening, next generation sequencing, it is now possible to consider that nanotherapeutics and personalized medicines could be the sound death knell for a variety of dreadful diseases including cancer and also to deal with the growing menace of drug-resistance. Once again, our sincere thanks to all the contributing authors who worked like a team to let us complete this book. Special thanks to the Editorial team of the publishing house who were available all the time to impart their valuable input and assistance. Words of appreciation also go to the whole Production Team as well.
INGLÊS

Leptin And Its Role In Health And Disease

~~125,88€~~ 113,29€ 10% IMEDIATO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 This book contains seven chapters that detail leptin and its role in health and disease. Chapter One discusses many features of leptin and emphasizes the significance of future research to better understand leptin’s involvement in neurological and behavioral disease causes and therapy. Chapter Two details the role of leptin as a biochemical marker. Chapter Three presents the consequences of hyperleptinemia caused by high leptin serum levels and leptin receptor resistance in obesity on renal, cardiac, vascular, and sympathetic nervous system function. The objective of Chapter Four is to shed light on the reproductive functions of leptin and its role in altered reproductive physiology. Chapter Five discusses the role of leptin in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes and diabetic complications. Chapter Six summarizes the current understanding of the role of leptin in nutrition and cancer. Lastly, Chapter Seven provides a comprehensive review on the importance of leptin during different pathological conditions.
INGLÊS

Innovative Program At Alfaisal Medicine: A Brief History And Guide To Success

108,65€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 This book is a tale of success at the College of Medicine at Alfaisal University. The tapestry of the story is woven from the mission and vision of some people dedicated to understanding Western medicine in Saudi Arabia. Drawing on their memories, the founders felt that the book should accurately reflect the painstaking work that has gone into the project, which started far before the establishment of this college in 2008. Thus, "An Innovative Program at Alfaisal Medicine: A Brief History and Guide to Success" remains a synthesis of the major events in the past and present, helping to bring together the administrators and educators.
INGLÊS

Dangers Of Psychoactive Substances

125,88€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 This book contains four selected chapters on the dangers of psychoactive substances. Chapter One reviews synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones. Chapter Two is a comprehensive methodical validation of caffeine as an anthropogenic marker in water samples. Chapter Three is a cross-sectional chromatographic and pharmacogenetic study on the functional impact of CYP2D6 variants and their expression pattern. Chapter Four is a method development study on old benzodiazepine and new NPS-phenazepam. The book concludes with a bibliography.
INGLÊS

Theoretical Foundation Of Medicine

de Thomas Nordstrom

112,63€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 It is difficult to find solutions for diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disease if we do not understand the most basic structures within the human body. Instead of such mechanisms as integrin, ATP synthase, homeostasis and the sodium-potassium pump, we need to find an alternative explanation when it comes to the organization of flows of masses in and between systems of the human body. Even the molecule of DNA requires a new interpretation. This new concept is TRANSFORMER, where there is interaction between the pathway, its infrastructure and the packages - they are woven and interconnected together. Packages enter the pathway in order, then by the infrastructure they are organized and transformed into a new shape; a new entity occurs, e.g. cells, organs, humans and the species. The theory in this book presents an alternative understanding of the human body based on one principle by using the criterion of simplicity. It all starts with one fundamental postulate: Nothing exists in isolation; everything exists in relations. In this book, a new method for finding drugs is proposed. We have seen how many factors can be the cause of Alzheimer´s Disease, so we have to create a manifold drug, i.e., a combination of integrin protein, kinesin, dynein and others.
INGLÊS

Encyclopedia Of Medical Terminology

108,65€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 The book is an encyclopedic dictionary of all fields of study and research in medicine. In fact, it is a broad collection of over 127 special dictionaries containing terms of all medical titles and specialties with common alphabetical order that have been carefully selected from professionally relevant websites.
INGLÊS

Antimicrobial Potential Of Essential Oils

125,88€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 Instead of relying on prescription medications with numerous dangerous side effects, what if you could opt for a safer, natural alternative to address your health concerns? Medicinal plants for therapeutic purposes have been used for many years. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their major constituents has been widely documented by several works, however, in a fragmented way. Based on this premise, this book is designed to provide an overview of current knowledge about the antimicrobial properties of essential oils and their mechanisms of action, either alone or in combination, as a possible tool for obtaining new antibiotics.
INGLÊS

Childhood Obesity: Prevention, Risk Factors And Management

108,65€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 In this compilation, risk factors such as diet and lifestyle behaviours associated with the inflammatory state occurring in obesity are reviewed, from the prenatal and early postnatal stages to childhood and adolescence. In the United States, childhood obesity is a serious problem that puts children and adolescents at risk for poor health. For children and adolescents ages 2 to 19, the prevalence of obesity is 18.5%. The authors analyze the changes in four nutritional indexes: body mass index (BMI), waist-height ratio (WtHR), fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) in a group of obese adolescents enrolled in an extensive combined intervention to reduce excess body fat.
INGLÊS

Respiratory Care In Non Invasive Mechanical Ventilatory Support: Principles And Practice

430,63€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 Non-invasive ventilation refers to the use of breathing support administered through a face mask, nasal mask, or helmet. This form of ventilatory support is useful in the treatment of respiratory illnesses including SARS, MERS, PH1N1, and COVID-19. Consisting of 63 chapters, this book provides a detailed, holistic overview of the principles and practice of non-invasive mechanical ventilatory support.
INGLÊS

Literature Review On The Benefits Of Propolis

125,88€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 Propolis is a natural aromatic and sticky substance collected by bees from plant resins. These plant sources mainly consist of plant exudates from bark and buds that contain various health care compounds forming the main active ingredients of propolis. These compounds result in propolis exhibiting diverse biological activities, making them popular remedies worldwide. The first chapter of this book aims to review the plant material, chemical composition, and antimicrobial activities of European propolis and to compare it with others from similar geographical regions. The relevance of this review chapter is based on its specific aim - to find the similarities between the chemical composition and properties of plant sources and propolis. The second chapter focuses on propolis as an adjunct therapy in many chronic diseases with inflammatory and oxidative backgrounds such as CVDs, NAFLD, MetS, and diabetes and gastrointestinal disorders. The third chapter provides an overview of the chemical compositions, biological properties of propolis of different stingless bee species and its geographical origins, and recent advances in therapeutic and pharmacological research. In this respect, advanced biological research related to the chemical diversity of propolis is highlighted. The fourth chapter summarizes the extraction methods utilized in the commercial production of propolis. These methods, to name a few, are the commonly used maceration, ultrasonication, microwave extraction, supercritical extraction, and accelerated solvent extraction. The advantages and disadvantages of classical and modern extraction methods in their application for large-scale commercial applications are discussed. In Chapter Five, recent studies of propolis and its potential pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications are examined. In Chapter Six, the antioxidant capacity of several commercially available bee propolis products are reviewed. Results showed a direct correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant capabilities. The last chapter discusses the different assays performed in determining the antioxidant properties of propolis samples collected from around the world.
INGLÊS

Astrocytes And Their Role In Health And Disease

108,65€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 Astrocytes are some of the key cells in the central nervous system with complex, specific and important roles. They are involved in many important functions under both physiological and pathological conditions. This book brings a theoretical overview on astrocytes, their functions, roles and experimental practice. Chapters 1 and 2 discuss the basic astrocyte functions and their connections with other central nervous system cells. Chapter 3 focuses on the blood-brain barrier, Chapter 4 summarises surgical methods for tissue collection, Chapter 5 deals with the laboratory isolation procedure, Chapter 6 describes the sources of astrocyte isolation and troubleshooting during this procedure and Chapter 7 explores the importance of biomaterial research in astrocyte cell models.
INGLÊS

6th Annual International Conference And Exhibition On Indonesian Medical Education And Research Institute (6th Ice On Imeri) 2021

212,00€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 The International Conference and Exhibition on The Indonesian Medical Education Research Institute (ICE on IMERI) is a yearly conference presented by The Indonesian Medical Education Research Institute (IMERI). This year, the 6th ICE on IMERI with the selected theme "Biomedical Research and Primary Care Transformation: The Potential Issue in Post Pandemic Era" provides a panel of experts on relevant topics. This book contains selected academic papers submitted to the 6th ICE on IMERI editorial team by participants. Primary care needs adjustment during the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. This book presents various case studies, reviews, and original articles that provide a new perspective on health care settings during the pandemic. Articles about novel therapy, diagnosis, and prognosis regarding Covid-19 and other health-related topics can be found in this book.
INGLÊS

Autoimmunity And Cancer

304,75€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 The significance of autoimmune diseases increases day by day. Cancer is an important cause of mortality for which no definitive treatment has yet been found. Cancer can occur for many reasons. Studies have shown that autoimmunity underlies some types of cancer. On the contrary, antitumor immune responses may become cross-reactive with their own tissues, resulting in the development of autoimmunity. Further investigation of the relationship between autoimmunity and cancer will open new horizons for diagnosis and treatment of both groups of disease. This book presents studies of potential mechanisms linking autoimmunity and cancer and the relationship of malignancies with autoimmune disorders.
INGLÊS

Bioprinting The Human

212,00€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 Rapidly developing technology also gives direction to our lives in the field of health and medicine. New developments are taking both diagnosis and treatment possibilities to places we could not predict before. The development of tissues and organs in a laboratory environment is one of these developments. This issue, which came to the fore with the introduction of 3D printers into our lives, has now started to mature and experiment in the field of medicine. Using a technology similar to 3D printing that fundamentally changes therapeutic possibilities, bioprinting uses a digital file as a blueprint to produce biomedical parts that closely mimic the properties of natural tissue. Engineered textures are created by layering biomaterials and/or living cells, collectively called bioinks. Transplanting the tissues or organs obtained to the needy patient also prevents possible undesirable situations such as tissue and organ rejection. This book on bioprinting aims to present the basics of bioprinting and its use in major tissues to the reader with the latest developments.
INGLÊS

Botulinum Toxin: Therapeutic Uses, Procedures And Efficacy

145,75€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

DISPONIBILIDADE IMEDIATA

 Botulism is a serious illness whose symptoms include difficulty speaking and paralysis. The disease is caused by botulinum toxin, a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, and while the disease can be fatal, intensive treatment can prevent death in most cases. However, botulinum toxin can also be used as treatment for various illnesses when applied in correct doses. This volume includes four chapters that describe various therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin. Chapter One reviews the mechanism of action, therapeutic uses, best practices, current applications, effectiveness and available evidence of botulinum toxin application in various musculoskeletal disorders. Chapter Two focuses on the technical aspects of botulinum toxin use for treatment of sialorrhea and reported outcomes. Chapter Three describes the use of botulinum toxin as treatment for hyperkinetic movement disorders including blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia, and hemifacial spasm. Lastly, Chapter Four deals with the use of botulinum toxin for treatment of hemimasticatory and hemifacial spasm in scleroderma.
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