Resultados de Pesquisa

INGLÊS

Evolution Of Health Literacy: Empowering Patients Through Improved Education, 2nd Edition

~~304,75€~~ 274,28€ 10% IMEDIATO

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 Physicians have long pledged to adhere to four basic moral principles, a concise framework for the larger field of medical ethics. As is commonly known, those values consist of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. To advocate for these principles for our patients, medical professionals must first ensure patients have appropriate medical resources from which to glean information. This text serves to underscore this concept and advance the field of patient education. This updated 2nd edition of the text builds upon the knowledge in the first edition and is dedicated to our patients.
INGLÊS

Landscape Of Pattern Learning Applied To Public Health And Social Sciences

de Saurav Mallik

~~108,65€~~ 97,79€ 10% IMEDIATO

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 In this book, different machine learning and deep learning-based approaches are provided in terms of public health and social science. This book demonstrates medical imaging-based cancer detection studies. Chapter One discusses a comprehensive analysis of tissue-specific colorectal cancer classification from H&E-stained microscopic images. Chapter Two demonstrates an Ensemble-Based CNN framework for Breast Cancer Detection in Mammograms. Chapter Three provides a Deep Learning-Based Tissue-Specific Classification technique of Colorectal Cancer from H&E-Stained Microscopic Images. Chapter Four describes Parkinson''s Disease Detection through machine learning technique from Speech and Imaging Data. Chapter Five describes empowering social causes, i.e., Indian Language Identification with Multimodality Strategy. Moreover, this book provides innovative information about pattern recognition, feature selection and disease classification from medical imaging datasets for public and social sciences that are benevolent for healthcare persons, doctors and social science researchers.
INGLÊS

Health Literacy And Adult Health Education

de Julius Matulcik

~~125,88€~~ 113,29€ 10% IMEDIATO

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 This book deals with complex issues of health, health models, and health determinants. It deals with various factors that affect health, its level, and, thus, the quality of life. It points to the significance of economic and social conditions on an individual''s physical and psychological health. It draws attention to the importance of prevention and health promotion, especially through education. It describes and critically evaluates the current demographic situation and the health status of the population in Slovakia, as well as possible measures in the framework of health protection and promotion. Health literacy is the key determinant of health. Health literacy is a necessary prerequisite for people’s behavior as it contributes to maintaining health. It represents the individual’s disposition to acquire, process, and understand basic health and health services information. Based on this information, people model their knowledge, skills, and attitudes, which they are also able to apply adequately in specific everyday situations in the care and support of their health. Based on the results of empirical research, the authors evaluated the level of health literacy of individual age groups of the adult population in Slovakia. They defined the essence and content of education and training, formal, non-formal, and informal learning about health to increase health literacy.
INGLÊS

Closer Look At Implementation Science

~~125,88€~~ 113,29€ 10% IMEDIATO

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 These pages are a testament of Latin American implementation science and our effort to share our findings and practices with researchers from other places on the planet. This book presents a set of people that produce and transform knowledge, and it gives voice to other approaches to implementation science that, paradoxically, lack establishment and replication of scientifically proven interventions in professional practice. It questions the logic of evidence-based research, which seems to blur social experience and mock the concepts of generalization and transformation. Will the Latin American experience be different? Will the gap be more visible from the community approach? Join us to fragment paradigms, to rethink and co-create communities, and not to impose individuality.
INGLÊS

Health Insurance Coverage: Federal Programs Vs. Private Insurance

~~225,25€~~ 202,73€ 10% IMEDIATO

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 Health care is a human right. But without insurance coverage, you cannot exercise that right. The future of the health-care system must enhance care quality, increase affordability, and improve access to life-saving services and treatment options. The role of future federal programs is discussed in chapter 1. Private health insurance is the most common form of health coverage in the United States. Chapters 2 and 3 focus on plans offered by private-sector employers and plans sold by private health insurers directly to consumers. This includes health insurance offered through the federal and state health exchanges (also known as marketplaces).
INGLÊS

Healthcare Coverage: Legislation, Outcomes And Universal Coverage

~~225,25€~~ 202,73€ 10% IMEDIATO

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 More than 27 million people in the United States are uninsured, and even for some who do have insurance, it is not enough to insulate them from the significant cost of getting healthcare. Chapter 1 examines seven bills to improve Americans’ healthcare and coverage. Chapter 2 looks at a proposal to transition our healthcare system to a national single-payer model where no patient is denied necessary medical care.
INGLÊS

Role Of Reactive Oxygen Species In Health And Disease

~~357,75€~~ 321,98€ 10% IMEDIATO

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 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in different biological functions, including physiological regulatory mechanisms to damaging alterations involved in the pathogenesis of an increasing number of human diseases. ROS are metabolic products from numerous cells, but two vital cellular organelles are intimately involved in their production and metabolism, i.e. the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria. Excess cellular levels of ROS may cause damage to proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, membranes, and organelles, which may lead to the activation of cell death processes such as apoptosis. Apoptosis is a highly regulated process that is essential for the development and survival of multicellular organisms. These organisms often need to discard superfluous or potentially harmful cells, have accumulated mutations, or become infected by pathogens. Apoptosis features a characteristic set of morphological and biochemical features whereby cells undergo a cascade of self-destruction. Thus, proper regulation of apoptosis is essential for maintaining normal cellular homeostasis. Mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) play a central role in cell signaling and regulating the main pathways of apoptosis, mediated by mitochondria, death receptors, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This book focuses on the current understanding of the role of ROS in each of these three main pathways of apoptosis related to different human diseases, with particular emphasis on Metabolic, Inflammatory, Neurodegenerative, and Neoplastic diseases. It’s promise and limitations are also discussed by targeting ROS with different antioxidants in preventing non-communicable diseases. The role of mtROS in the complex interplay and crosstalk between these different signaling pathways of apoptosis related to different human diseases remains to be unraveled further in future research.
INGLÊS

Advances In Health And Natural Sciences

304,75€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

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 Researchers and graduate students need to keep up with the advances in natural and health sciences that occur almost daily. This edited collection of state of the art chapters will provide scientists, educators, and researchers in this vital field with the most recent developments and disseminate it globally. This book, organized into nine chapters, features scientists from around the globe contributing diverse topics in mostly natural, biological and health sciences. The edited book aims at highlighting the state of the art research and recent findings in of agricultural, environmental, biological, marine and medical sciences and biotechnology, and bridging theoretical research with current applications. This edited book will be of significant value to researchers, graduate students as well as practicing scientists working in these vibrant fields.
INGLÊS

Encyclopedia Of Public Health (22 Volume Set)

4571,25€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

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 This encyclopedia contains 22 volumes and a total of 552 chapters covering up-to-date research in the field of public health.
INGLÊS

Barakoa (Masks) During Covid-19: Malevolent Pathogens And Pandemic Responses In Kenya After 600 Days

de Stephen M. Magu

212,00€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

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 On 2nd November, 2021, Kenya marked 600 days since the first COVID-19 case was identified and diagnosed in the country, ‘imported’ by a returning traveler from the US by way of London, UK. Since then, Kenya progressively took steps and implemented strategies at the individual, governmental, public health, societal and international levels to combat the pandemic. Some of the strategies mirrored those adopted elsewhere: curfews, lockdowns, masking, social-distancing, closure of high-contact areas such as educational and religious institutions, and political activity, banned by the government but still widely practised. This book examines the trajectory of COVID-19 in the country, the various responses that the government and the public have undertaken, how socio-cultural, political and religious beliefs and practices have affected contagion and constrained stopping its spread and assesses the impact of the pandemic on different constituencies. It focuses on the peculiar circumstances of the Kenyan society, such as high dependence on public transportation, religious affiliation, boarding educational institutions and political rallies in the context of the 2022 general elections in August 2022, and the superficiality of the responses. It also examines the progress and the setbacks that have manifested as a result of the gendered nature of the pandemic, work and societal beliefs, practices and strategies. This book illustrates one of the most peculiar habits adopted by Kenyans: the government mandated masks, but Kenyans, either disbelieving their effectiveness or unconcerned with the pandemic’s seriousness, took to hanging a mask around the chin only so as to comply with the rules (and not potentially part with a bribe if caught by the police without a mask), or borrowing masks from others at the sight of police. The book also highlights the challenges of a vaccine-skeptic public and overreactions by government, implementing very little testing and requiring vaccinations in order for citizens to access government services, despite the availability being marginal.
INGLÊS

Emotionality Of Covid-19. Now And After: The War Against A Virus

212,00€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

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 Similarly to the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11 of 2001, a foundational event that marked the turn of the century, the recent virus outbreak in Wuhan, China resonates heavily in the social imaginary of West. Both events have differences and of course commonalities. 9/11 epitomizes the struggle of Western civilization against an invisible enemy, terrorism, while now the target is a virus. Both emulate the doctrine of living with the enemy inside. Another commonality rests on the fact the same transport means that facilitate the state of emergency are paradoxically and at the same time mainly victims. Based on the invitation of well-renowned experts coming from four continents, the present book discusses critically the effects of COVID-19 as well as the global pandemic in society. To some extent, experts and colleagues of all pundits energetically emphasize the economic crisis of COVID-19 overlooking the durable effects in the societal background. This book intends to fill the gap giving a fresh insight which explains the role of social distancing and the lockdown in a new emerging society. Although chapters can be read separately, they are finely grounded into a common argumentation, as the pandemic affirms not only the geopolitical tensions of what Scambler dubbed as a fractured society but also starts a feudalization process where the Spectacle of Death prevails.
INGLÊS

Coronavirus Disease: From Molecular To Clinical Perspectives

304,75€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

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 The world is experiencing an unprecedented challenge due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In December 2019, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, a city in the Hubei province of China. It rapidly spread, resulting in an outbreak of COVID-19. Although the majority of the infected individuals exhibit mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment, older people and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer may rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, coagulation disorders, multi-organ failure, and death. The course of COVID-19 is usually mild in children. However, in rare cases, children can be severely affected, and clinical manifestations may differ from adults. Some children present the multisystem inflammatory syndrome that is similar to incomplete Kawasaki disease or toxic shock syndrome. There is no specific treatment and vaccine for COVID-19. Due to the high infectivity rate of COVID-19, the unexpected and rapid influx of large numbers of patients, especially patients who need intensive care, have caused great pressure on the health care systems worldwide. The worldwide spread of COVID-19 caused fear, anxiety, depression, panic attacks, and a general decrease in overall wellbeing in the population. Healthcare professionals who occupy the front line during pandemics are at increased risk concerning their physical and mental health. The outbreak of COVID-19 negatively affected all aspects of life including education, trade, and tourism. Our knowledge of this novel virus is limited. However, many ongoing clinical trials are evaluating potential treatments and vaccines. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 will provide important insight into its management and reduce the mortality rate. Based on the latest global scientific data and clinical experiences of the authors, this book gives the readers an overview of COVID-19 pathogenesis and transmission routes, current diagnostic and treatment strategies, the clinical course of the disease in children and elderly patients, the genetic background of differences in the incidence of new SARS-CoV-2 infection, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, antioxidant therapy to limit tissue damage, molecular approaches in COVID-19 treatment, and vaccine studies.
INGLÊS

Covid-19 And The Rise Of Telemedicine: Benefits And Challenges

108,65€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

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 This book focuses on the benefits and challenges of telemedicine in the age of and when treating COVID-19. Telemedicine can be considered to play a major part in COVID-19 patients’ management, because it provides a quick and precise diagnosis that is obtained without unnecessary exposure of the medical personnel. The first chapter focuses on arrhythmias in COVID-19 patients. It is mandatory to assess whether arrhythmias in COVID-19 patients are preventable, treatable or permanent, or if they have long-term effects on the patient’s cardiovascular status. The second chapter examines the future of Internet healthcare on the foundation of a traditional model in the age of COVID-19. Next, the pros and cons of telemedicine, including the ways in which virtual telemedicine platforms rationalize and address the costs, accessibility, and quality of care that affect healthcare management are explored. The authors of the fourth chapter look at the legal ethical dilemmas related to the care of COVID-19 patients through telemedicine. And finally, the role of telemedicine in COVID times for neurologists and neurosurgeons in particular are explored in detail.
INGLÊS

More Prescription For Change: Case Studies For Applications Of Strategy And Strategic Intervention In National And International Health Systems In Response To A Covid Pandemic

de Laure Paquette

212,00€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

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 This book illustrates the use of strategy by national and international groups using fictional case studies. The cases are fictional in the sense that the information provided was not collected using the methodology used for previous case studies about states or groups of states. Instead, the author combined characteristics and information as she saw necessary in order to make the example clear to the reader. The case studies include: an infra-national group strategizing to cope with a phenomenon, an individual, another infra-national group, a supranational group, a government or state, and a group of government or states. It also includes the study of a phenomenon, here COVID-19. The present book also differs from previous case studies to the extent that the various components of the strategy are not clearly identified. This will allow the self-taught strategist to use them to test their own skills at strategic analysis.
INGLÊS

Covid-19: From Health, Education, Economic, To Science And Technology In South East Asia And India

304,75€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

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 A major crisis is happening in the world today. It all started in December 2019, when an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. Despite all preventive steps taken by government and health agencies, rising death tolls seem inevitable. The confines of social distancing have driven society toward a sudden and rapid change in all aspects of life, and we are forced to embrace this change as the new "normal". Research conducted in these uncertain times allows us to identify, and analyze the challenges to finding effective strategies and solutions. This book provides current theoretical perspectives, studies, practices, and innovations that will contribute to society during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in Southeast Asia and India. The current work can be used as a reliable reference, as rapid circulation of credible information, transparent case identification, data sharing, unhindered communication, and peer-reviewed research are most needed during this period of uncertainty.
INGLÊS

Importance Of Natural Products For Public Health: Thymoquinone, Sulforaphane, Phloretin And Epigallocatechin

108,65€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

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 Thymoquinone has a wide a range of beneficial pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, neuro-, cardio-, nephro- and hepatoprotective activity, with tremendous immune-modulating properties. Thymoquinone demonstrates significant impact on the treatment of different cancer types, such as bladder cancer, bone cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer and prostate cancer. Sulforaphane can be found in a wide variety of cruciferous vegetables, including cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, broccoli, Chinese broccoli, broccoli sprouts, broccoli rabe, kohlrabi, collards, mustard, turnip, kale and radish. The most important health benefit of sulforaphane is its effects again breast cancer, lung cancer cells, human liver cancer cells, gastric cancer cell lines, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cell cancer, treatment of cancer cell senescence, anti-inflammatory properties, antineoplastic properties, the reduction of placental and endothelial oxidative stress, potential in mixed granulocyte asthma, treatment of various neurological disorders, protection again skeletal muscle disease, anti-allergic properties and effects against oxidative stress. Phloretin, a 7,8-dihydrochalcone flavonoid of plant origin, is usually present in the roots and leaves of apple, pear, kumquat, strawberry and vegetables. The most important health benefits of phloretin are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and effects on cancer cells. Its antioxidant activity happens through scavenging of reactive oxygen species and reduction of lipid peroxidation, and its anti-inflammatory effects occur through decreasing the levels of cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, decreasing the expression of COX-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and suppressing NF- transcription. Phloretin affects cancer cells via cytotoxic and apoptotic activity, and the activation of immune cells against tumors. Epigallocatechin gallate is a tea catechin. The most important pharmacological activities of epigallocatechin gallate are antineoplastic properties, HIV infection, hypertension and associated complications, type II diabetes mellitus, its usage as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective, and its applications in Alzheimer''s disease, Parkinson''s disease, and osteoporosis. Its importance in cancer treatment is due to its natural origins, safety, and low cost, but the main problem is its low bioavailability with various major limitations in epigallocatechin gallate studies.
INGLÊS

Epidemics: Detecting, Predicting And Preventing

108,65€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

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 This compilation first describes several methods for glycoengineering the COVID-19 virus to present multiple a-gal epitopes for the amplification of a-gal vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infections. Following this, the authors discuss myopia, the most common ocular disorder worldwide. It is the leading cause of visual impairment in children, and its prevalence is increasing rapidly. In closing, the authors analyze the importance of the detection and prevention of wheat stripe rust epidemics in Argentina within the context of an integrated management of the disease.
INGLÊS

Vaccination And Challenges Of Rabies In China

108,65€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

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 Rabies is a major fatal zoonosis caused by the rabies virus, which infects wild animals, livestock, and humans. Its virus belongs to the lyssavirus genus, which also includes other lysaavirus species that cause rabies-like diseases and can be carried by domestic animals, wild carnivores and many bat species. The rabies virus is the only pathogen responsible for the large majority of rabies cases in humans. Rabies virus infects the peripheral nerves and then migrates into the central nervous system of the brain through the spinal cord, causing fatal encephalitis and myelitis and resulting the death of the infected subjects. Predominant rabies reservoirs are dogs in major vector of rabies throughout the world, particularly Asia, Latin American and Africa; foxes, in Europe, Arctic and North American; Raccoons in Eastern United States; skunks in Modwestern United States, Western Canada; coyotes in Asia, Africa and North America, mongooses in yellow mongoose in Asia and Africa, Indian mongoose in the Caribbean Islands, and bats in North American Europe, Center and South America. The genomic RNA of the classic rabies virus (RAVB) encodes five structural proteins: nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G0, and large protein (L). The G protein is the only protein on the surface of mature virus and plays an essential role in virus infection. Also, the G protein is a major antigenic stimulus of the hose immune system during infection and vaccination. There are three categories of exposure, (I) touching, feeding of animals or licks on intact skin, (II) Minor scratches or abrasions without bleeding or licks on broken and nibbling of uncovered skin which needs immediate vaccination and administration of rabies immunoglobulin, (III) single or multiple transdermal bites, scratches or vaccine contamination of mucous membrane saliva which needs local wound treatment. Vaccination against rabies is of primary importance in control of infection in both animals and humans. WHO also recommended only vaccines of high quality and efficacy. Rabies is preventable through prompt administration of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to exposed persons, but PEP access is limited in many rabies-endemic countries. The death toll can be significantly reduced through access to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), consisting of wound cleaning, rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) and vaccination. Access to PEP is limited in many developing and under-developed countries with endemic rabies and PEP is often only available from health facilities in mega cities. Patients also need to pay for PEP and the costs are reported as a major obstacle for many victims. Rabies have been reported in all over the China, especially Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hebei, Fujian, Yunnan and Liaoning. In China, rabies remains is still a public health problem and the strategies to control and prevent human rabies should be included public education and awareness about rabies, pet vaccination programs, elimination of stray animals and enhanced postexposure management. Domestic dogs are the primary reservoir and vector of rabies transmission in China, although RAVB has been isolated and detected in other animal species, such as cat, ferret badger, fox, pig, cattle and donkey. Unsuccessful control of rabies and inadequate PEP of cases might be the main parameters leading to the serious human rabies epidemic in China. It is widely accepted that rabies elimination requires an integrated approach by animal and human related services. There is an urgent need to have public health management which may improve sustainability and effectiveness of rabies eliminating programs. China needs to focus on prevention, strengthen multi-agency coordination mechanism, increase the quality of public health services in the years to come.
INGLÊS

Covid-19: Overview, Economic Implications And Federal Response

304,75€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

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 On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China. Illnesses have since been linked to a disease caused by a previously unidentified strain of coronavirus, designated Coronavirus Disease 2019, or COVID-19. The disease has spread to other countries, including the United States. On March 11, the WHO announced that the outbreak was officially a pandemic, the highest level of health emergency and has led to tens of thousands of cases and thousands of deaths worldwide. This book discusses a wide variety of topics related to the outbreak including: selected actions taken by the U.S. federal government to quell the introduction and spread of COVID-19 in the United States, economic implications and government assistance.
INGLÊS

Coronavirus And U.S. Public Health Preparedness

258,38€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

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 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness that can spread from person to person. The virus that causes COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that was first identified during an investigation into an outbreak in Wuhan, China. Chapters 1-16 contain information about the science behind the virus, economic implications, global response and public safety. Chapters 17 and 18 access the readiness of the United States Public Health System in response to emerging infectious diseases, pandemics and biological attacks.
INGLÊS

Spatial Distribution Of Health Manpower In China: Exploring Its Characteristics And Determinants

212,00€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

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 The misdistribution of health manpower is one of the major challenges faced by the Chinese health sector hindering people’s access to healthcare. However, this subject remains underexplored, as spatial distribution characteristics have not been fully mapped out, nor have its causes been determined at the macro regional level. To fill this research void, this study aims to conduct sophisticated spatial analyses to examine the characteristics of health manpower distribution and test various determinants of health manpower densities. By introducing spatial techniques, this study sheds light on the distribution of health manpower in China, thus offering invaluable evidence for making national and regional policies to facilitate a more effective distribution of health manpower in China. On the one hand, this study used spatial statistics (space-time scan statistics and Moran’s I statistics) to reveal, visualize, and compare the temporal trends, spatio-temporal dynamics, and spatial clustering patterns of different subtypes of health manpower (clinicians, doctors of traditional Chinese medicine, dentists, public health doctors, general practitioners, registered nurses, pharmacists, technologists, and interns) and their total. The results reveal that regional disparities and huge urban-rural imbalances exist in China’s health manpower distribution, indicating that some provincial units have been left behind. In addition, spatial distribution characteristics varied across different subtypes of health manpower, which still held with respect to either the urban or rural health manpower distribution. On the other hand, this study theoretically modeled and empirically measured various determinants of health manpower distribution from both the supply and demand sides while taking the spillover effect between adjacent geographical units into consideration. Based on the results of the estimation, the health service demand was, as expected, found to forcefully drive the health manpower distribution across the nation. In light of this, the increase in health services demands in a province could significantly help one unit attract licensed doctors and registered nurses from adjacent units. Unexpectedly but intriguingly, the power of medical education capacity was relatively limited in increasing the health manpower density in local units compared to its spillover effect on neighboring units. In addition, government and social health expenditure played different roles in the health labor market, the former being more effective in increasing the stock of licensed doctors and registered nurses, the latter doing better in attracting dentists and general practitioners. This study has the potential to make profound contributions to the theory and practice of health manpower distribution in China. First, this study advances our understanding of characteristics of health manpower distribution by introducing spatial statistics. By doing so, this study visualizes the detailed spatial distribution characteristics with maps and identifies the priority areas for health manpower allocation in China. Second, this study provides a comprehensive research framework to understand the potential drivers of health manpower distribution, and more importantly, takes spillover effects into consideration and measures them for the first time. Third, this study systematically explores and compares the distribution characteristics and determinants of different subtypes of health manpower, which differ greatly. By exploring both the characteristics and determinants, this study gives a full picture of the health manpower distribution and provides new evidence for making health manpower allocation policies in China.
INGLÊS

When Life Expectancy Is Falling: Mortality Crises In Post-Communist Countries In A Global Context

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 This book is an attempt to analyse the unfavourable developments in the dynamics of mortality and life expectancy in post- communist countries in the global context. It appears that this mortality crisis in post-communist countries has a lot of similarities with the recent unfavourable developments in health status in developed countries and many developing countries. Such unfavourable trends have been caused by socio-economic, ‘non-material’ factors, namely by a loss of social dynamism and/or stress, associated with economic restructuring and social adjustments. First, the stagnation of life expectancy in the former Soviet Union in 1965-90, after the rapid increase in 1920-65, is an important, under-researched phenomenon that enables study of the impact of the loss of social dynamism on health status. Second, the decline in life expectancy in the 1990s enables study of the impact of social stress on health status. Simplifying things, one can say that in the first case, life expectancy did not improve because there were too few changes in life, whereas in the second case, it declined due to excess changes that created stress. In both cases, however, the problem is that of finding an optimal measure of social changes that are beneficial to the quality of life and its longevity. The main goal of this book is to analyse common reasons for these developments in order to derive lessons from the experiences of particular countries.
INGLÊS

E-Cigarettes: Patterns Of Use, Health Effects And Imports

410,75€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

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 Chapter 1 provides background information on e-cigarettes. Tobacco use among youth and young adults in any form, including e-cigarettes, is not safe. In recent years, e-cigarette use by youth and young adults has increased at an alarming rate. E-cigarettes are now the most commonly used tobacco product among youth in the United States. Chapter 2 highlights the rapidly changing patterns of e-cigarette use among youth and young adults, assesses what we know about the health effects of using these products, and describes strategies that tobacco companies use to recruit our nation’s youth and young adults to try and continue using e-cigarettes. It also outlines interventions that can be adopted to minimize the harm these products cause to our nation’s youth. Over the last decade, use of electronic cigarettes, known as e-cigarettes, in the United States has grown rapidly as use of traditional cigarettes declined among both adolescents and adults. Most e-cigarettes sold in the United States were thought to be imported, but e-cigarette import volume and tariff revenue were unknown because the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS) did not contain separate statistical reporting numbers. New statistical reporting numbers went into effect on January 1, 2016. Chapter 3 reports on e-cigarettes imported into the United States in 2016. While chapter 4 reports on e-cigarettes imported into the United States from 2016 through 2018. E-cigarettes are battery-powered devices which simulate tobacco smoking by producing a heated vapor that resembles smoke. A number of explosions and fires have been attributed to e-cigarettes, causing some concern within the fire service community as discussed in chapter 5. Electronic cigarettes, known as "personal vaporizers" (PV) have experienced a significant increase in popularity for those seeking an alternative to smoking traditional tobacco products. The use of the e-cigarettes as an illicit drug delivery device is touted on websites, forums, blogs, and videos describing how best to use them for specific illicit drugs such as tetrahydrocannabinol, methamphetamine, fentanyl, and heroin as reported in chapter 6. Chapters 7 and 8 report on the 2019 outbreak of lung injury associated with e-cigarette use.
INGLÊS

Poverty Alleviation And Conventional Mfis: Challenges And Prospects

de Mohammad Ali Ashraf

125,88€ + 10% EM CARTÃO

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 This book presents a rigorous empirical study of various aspects of poverty alleviation in rural Bangladesh. The themes include the trend and structure of rural poverty and the role of microfinance in alleviating rural poverty through participation of the rural poor in NGOs and microfinance institutions (MFIs). It also includes different challenges of participation of rural poor women in NGO-MFIs. In probing those issues, this book employs a different approach of investigation. In comparison with other poverty studies, this book can claim a number of distinct features. First, this book probes the participation behavior of rural poor women who face different socioeconomic, cultural and psycho-attitudinal challenges to participate in NGO-MFIs which ultimately prevented the attainment of the prime objective of poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. In analyzing those issues, this book uses a social psychological theory named the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a theoretical model upon which the research framework was grounded upon. Second, unlike other studies which are based on relatively small and unrepresentative samples, this book is based on a nationally representative large-scale survey. Third, even though it employs a cross-sectional survey, the study explored in this book attempts to infuse an element of dynamics by employing information on both current and initial condition of resources of households being defined as the resource-base a household had inherited at the time it was formed. This type of data-set helped analyze the dynamics of resource adequacy of the participants in NGO-MFIs which yielded key insights into the challenges of poverty alleviation. Fourth, a concern with the possible influence of microfinance in the economy runs as an intrinsic theme throughout the book. In addition to devoting a long chapter of emergence of NGO-MFIs in Bangladesh, the author analyzes the role of microfinance in its specific contexts in each subsequent chapter, for example, in shaping the trends in poverty, inequality, resource accumulation and in influencing participation of the rural poor in NGO-MFIs and in affecting the ability of the rural poor to be free from poverty and to cope with environmental shocks. Some remarks on possible prospects or recommendations are provided at the end of the book.
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