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ENGLISH

Mighty In Word And Deed - Book 1. Social Memory, Christology, And The Construction Of A Gospel Narrative

by Stephen Hultgren

~~90,65€~~ 81,59€ 10% OFF

 This book is the first of a two-volume work on the origins of the gospel form from a social memory approach. Social memory takes account of both the individual and the community in the formation of the gospels by considering social frameworks and socially significant narrative patterns that individuals use to remember and recount the past. Part 1 reviews the history of scholarship and then develops a social memory approach and a method of textual study, drawing on insights from recent research on orality, memory, and narrative. Part 2 offers a series of textual studies, focusing on Capernaum and Nazareth, illustrating factors that might have contributed to the construction of a gospel as an extended narrative, inclusive of Jesuss words and deeds, and why such a narrative was essential to early Christian memory of Jesus.
ENGLISH

Rewritten Gospel - The Composition Of Luke And Rewritten Scripture

by Jonathan M. Potter

~~90,65€~~ 81,59€ 10% OFF

 How early Christian gospels were written is an old question that continues to engage scholars. Moving beyond the traditional approach of reading Luke as a "gentile" gospel composed primarily using Greco-Roman methods of history and biography writing, this book argues that Lukes use of the earlier Gospel of Mark should be understood in the context of contemporaneous early Jewish writings known as "Rewritten Scripture." Texts like the Book of Jubilees and Josephuss Antiquities interpret Scripture by rewriting it in such a way that ambiguities and contradictions are diminished, while also adapting it to contemporary beliefs and practices. A similar strategy of interpretation through rewriting best explains Lukes reworking of Mark. Even if Mark is not yet "Scripture," Lukes manner of rewriting Mark suggests that Luke views the earliest gospel as an authoritative narrative about Jesus that merits interpretive clarification and expansion rather than rejection or critique. This approach offers solutions to various "problems" in the composition of Luke, such as the combination of expansion and omission, verbatim repetition and free paraphrase, and it also places Lukes compositional process within a plausible ancient literary context.
ENGLISH

Jousting With John - Essays On Jews, Gender, And Ethics In The Fourth Gospel

by Adele Reinhartz

~~118,31€~~ 106,48€ 10% OFF

 The Gospel of John is a book that tantalizes and disturbs in equal measure. Its sublime imagery makes spirits soar. Its positive portrayal of women such as the Samaritan woman, the Bethany sisters, and Mary Magdalene, tickle the imagination when it comes to the roles of women in the early church. Its disparagement of the Jews, however, reverberates through the long history of anti-Judaism and antisemitism to this very day. Adele Reinhartz has been one of the foremost interpreters of the Gospel of John for the past thirty years and more. This volume contains a selection of her essays on the Fourth Gospel, originally published from 1991 to 2020. The collection focuses on four major themes. Essays on Gender consider the Gospels portrayal of female characters, its christological use of female imagery, and the possibility of reading social history into or out of the Fourth Gospel. Essays on "the Jews" explore the representation of the ioudaioi, and respond to approaches employed by scholars to address the fraught question of anti-Judaism. The section on Method includes essays that apply different approaches, such as trauma theory, postcolonial theory, and literary and rhetorical criticism to issues in Johannine studies. The final section, on Ethics, considers ethics from two perspectives: the ethical stance(s) that a reader brings to her reading of John, and the question of whether the Gospel portrays Jesus as an ethical actor.
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L' "Aujourd'Hui" En Luc-Actes, Chez Paul Et En Hébreux

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FRENCH

L' "Aujourd'Hui" En Luc-Actes, Chez Paul Et En Hébreux - Itinéraires Et Associations D’Un Motif Deutéronomique

by Dominique Angers

~~201,40€~~ 161,12€ 20% OFF

 This book examines the use of the termÃÆ’ÃŽÂ·?ÃŽÂµÃÂÃŽÂ¿ÃŽÂ½ ("today") in Luke-Acts (22 occurrences), the Pauline letters (Romans 11:8; 2 Corinthians 3:14, 15) and the Epistle to the Hebrews (1:5; 3:7, 13, 15; 4:7 (twice)); 5:5; 13:8). It gives special
FRENCH

L'Identité De L'Église Dans Les Actes Des Apôtres - De La Restauration D'Israël À La Conquête Universelle

by Simon David Butticaz

~~300,11€~~ 240,09€ 20% OFF

 <!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en"> <html><head> <meta http-equiv=content-type content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <meta content="mshtml 6.00.6000.16939" name=generator></head> <body> The present monograph is the slightly modified publication of a doctoral thesis in theology presented in November 2009 at the University of Lausanne (CH). It results from a pressing question in New Testament: an appraisal of the relationship of the work of Luke, more precisely of his Acts of the Apostles, to the Jewish faith. This problem, to which an unwavering consensus attached until the nineteen-sixties, has become a storm centre of New Testament research over the last three decades. The originality of this study is the reassessment of the Jewish question from the point of view of the acknowledged purpose of Lucan historiography as focused on identity, providing it with a differentiated approach.</body></html>
FRENCH

L' "Aujourd'Hui" En Luc-Actes, Chez Paul Et En Hébreux - Itinéraires Et Associations D’Un Motif Deutéronomique

by Dominique Angers

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 This book examines the use of the term σήμερον (“today”) in Luke-Acts (22 occurrences), the Pauline letters (Romans 11:8; 2 Corinthians 3:14, 15) and the Epistle to the Hebrews (1:5; 3:7, 13, 15; 4:7 [twice]); 5:5; 13:8). It gives special attention to the possible influence of the Deuteronomic "today" in the New Testament. Two main hypotheses are at the heart of this study. First, the word "today," in Deuteronomy as well as the three New Testament corpora under consideration, becomes a theological theme of its own. Second, in the minds of the three New Testament authors who give attention to this motif, there seems to be an awareness of certain theological associations that are bound up with the Deuteronomic "today." By the end of this investigation, it becomes apparent that Luke’s today, Paul’s today and the today of the Epistle to the Hebrews, while each possessing unique characteristics, all contribute to emphasize the same key theological concepts, such as the fulfillment of Scripture, an inaugurated and progressively realized eschatology, the coming of salvation, the heralding of the good news and the proclaiming of God’s Word.
FRENCH

La Crise Galate Ou Lanthropologie En Question

by Simon Butticaz

~~168,28€~~ 134,62€ 20% OFF

 This book, dedicated to the Galatian crisis, combines socio-rhetorical analysis with methods drawn from cultural anthropology. It engages in critical debate with the New Perspective on Paul, a scholarly trend that, for a generation now, has been altering the parameters of Pauline studies. Accepting the idea defended by this group of scholars, namely that Pauls communicative context is one based on social identity, the author sees a change of perspective in Galatians. In the Gospel of his opponents, Paul identifies a perilous anthropological problem: the ancient culture of honor. Linked to the particular issue of a reversion to the Torah, the conflict in Galatia highlights a potentially universal theological problem: the opposition of "the Gospel of Christ" (Gal 1:7) to the anthropology of honor found throughout the ancient Mediterranean. The Epistle to the Galatians, which addresses the preaching of the so-called advocates of circumcision, sketches out a human identity (both in its foundation and in its morality) based on grace and removed from worldly principles. It foreshadows the universalizing message that Paul would send to the Romans. A fundamental connection between these two letters thus becomes apparent.
FRENCH

La Crise Galate Ou L’Anthropologie En Question

by Simon Butticaz

~~168,28€~~ 134,62€ 20% OFF

 Dedicated to the Galatian crisis, the book combines socio-rhetorical analysis with methods drawn from cultural anthropology. It engages in debate with the "New Perspective on Paul" (NPP). Accepting the idea defended by the NPP, namely that Paul
FRENCH

Justes, Justice, Justification - Harmoniques Pauliniennes Dans L’Évangile De Luc

by Christophe Singer

OUT OF STOCK OR NOT AVAILABLE

 Re-opening the file "Luke and Paul" in a hermeneutic and theological light, far from the historical problems linked to the Acts of the apostles, Christophe Singer picks up throughout the third Gospel the narrative development of a fundamental theme of Paul's Kerygma : justification. Luke's account appears here much closer theologically to Paul's letters than generally conceded by a historico-critical interpretation.
FRENCH

Justes, Justice, Justification - Harmoniques Pauliniennes Dans L’Évangile De Luc

by Christophe Singer

OUT OF STOCK OR NOT AVAILABLE

 Re-opening the file "Luke and Paul" in a hermeneutic and theological light, far from the historical problems linked to the Acts of the apostles, Christophe Singer picks up throughout the third Gospel the narrative development of a fundamental theme of Paul's Kerygma : justification. Luke's account appears here much closer theologically to Paul's letters than generally conceded by a historico-critical interpretation.
FRENCH

Portrait D’Une Église Crucifiée - Identité Ecclésiale Et Langage Paulinien De La Croix

by Sébastien Dehorter

~~135,81€~~ 108,65€ 20% OFF

 L’objectif de cet ouvrage est de préciser la fonction et la signification du langage de la Croix en 1Corinthiens et 1-4 et Galates et de montrer que la modalité si abjecte de la mort de Jésus ne dit pas seulement quelque chose de la méprise totale dont le Christ a été l’objet mais qu’elle est également significative pour l’Église et son identité. L’argumentation se déploie en trois moments. Tout d’abord, un chapitre sur la perception antique de la crucifixion en regard du recours paulinien à cette terminologie est suivi d’une revue de la littérature consacrée à l’identité des premières Églises. La deuxième partie met en valeur la fonction ecclésiologique du langage de la Croix. Elle situe ce dernier à l’intérieur de l’argumentation globale déployée en 1Co 1-4 et Ga avant de ressaisir les découvertes dans les catégories de la théorie de la mémoire sociale. Enfin, pour préciser ce que « la Croix dit aux Eglises », trois études textuelles exploitent les ressources de l’intertextualité scripturaire. La force de la démonstration tient à la pluralité et au croisement des méthodes utilisées. Le langage de la Croix apparaît comme la réponse que Paul présente à ses correspondants pour les aider à surmonter les crises de croissance qui les menacent.
ENGLISH

Paul And His Rivals - Apostleship And Antagonism In The Corinthian Correspondence

by Clair Mesick

~~120,58€~~ 108,52€ 10% OFF

 At the heart of Paul’s Corinthian correspondence is a historical puzzle. How did the relative calm of 1 Corinthians deteriorate into the chaos of 2 Corinthians, and what role did the so-called Jewish "super-apostles" play in that conflict? This book proposes a new solution: it was Paul, not his rivals, who shot the first volley in the Corinthian conflict. Paul’s claims of unique authority—for instance, as the architect atop whose foundation all others must build (1 Cor 3:10) and the Corinthians’ father while others are mere pedagogues (4:15)—would relegate other leaders to lesser positions. His contention that accepting financial support put an obstacle before the gospel (9:12) would jeopardize the livelihood of apostles who relied on such support. Finally, Paul’s claim that he becomes "lawless to the lawless" (9:21) or that "circumcision is nothing" (7:19) could throw into question Paul’s own Jewishness (cf. 2 Cor 11:22). By reading the Corinthian correspondence against the grain—imagining how Paul’s letter might have backfired for an audience who did not yet take him as scripture—this book explores how misunderstandings and misinterpretations can fracture church communities and cause a ripple effect of conflict and accusation.
ENGLISH

Dis/Ability In Mark - Representations Of Body And Healing In The Gospel Narrative

by Lena Michelle Nogossek-Raithel

~~143,10€~~ 114,48€ 20% OFF

 The gospel of Mark purposefully employs characters with specific and nuanced representations of dis/ability to portray the unique authority, the engaging message, and the mission of the Markan Jesus. Based on hermeneutical insights from Dis/ability Studies, this monograph is a contribution to the research of culturally and historically normalized corporeality in the biblical scriptures. At the core of the investigation are the healing narratives: passages that explicitly deal with a transformation from a described deviant bodily state to a positively valued corporeality. Lena Nogossek-Raithel not only analyzes the terminological and historical descriptions of these physical phenomena but also investigates their narrative function for the gospel text. The author argues that the images of dis/ability employed are far from accidental. Rather, they significantly influence the narrative’s structure and impact, embody its theological claims, and characterize its protagonist Jesus. With this thorough exegetical analysis, Nogossek-Raithel offers a firm historical foundation for anyone interested in the critical interpretation and theological application of the Markan healing narratives.
ENGLISH

Recognition And The Resurrection Appearances Of Luke 24

by Alexander Phillip Thompson

~~141,78€~~ 113,42€ 20% OFF

 How are the resurrection appearances of Luke’s Gospel shaped to offer a climax to the narrative? How does this narrative conclusion compare to the wider ancient literary milieu? Recognition and the Resurrection Appearances of Luke 24 proposes that the ancient literary technique of recognition offers a compelling lens through which to understand the climatic role of the resurrection appearances of Jesus as depicted in Luke 24. After presenting the development of recognition in ancient Jewish and Greco-Roman literature, Thompson demonstrates how Luke 24 deploys the recognition tradition to shape the form and function of the resurrection appearances. The ancient recognition tradition not only casts light on various literary and theological features of the chapter but also shapes the way the appearances function in the wider narrative. By utilizing recognition, Luke 24 generates cognitive, affective, commissive, and hermeneutical functions for the characters internal to the narrative and for the audience. The result is a compelling climax to Luke’s Gospel that resonates with Luke’s wider literary and theological themes. This work offers a compelling analysis of the Luke’s Gospel in the ancient literary context in light of the ancient technique of recognition that will appeal to those interested in narrative approaches to the New Testament or the interpretation of the New Testament in the wider literary milieu.
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For Your Sake He Became Poor

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ENGLISH

For Your Sake He Became Poor - Ideology And Practice Of Gift Exchange Between Early Christian Groups

by Georges Massinelli

~~159,66€~~ 127,73€ 20% OFF

 The Pauline collection for the poor in Jerusalem is the most famous example of financial support for geographically distant groups in early Christianity. Recent assessments of the Pauline collection have focused on patronage to explain the social relations between Jerusalem and the Pauline groups and the strategies adopted by Paul. Through a comparison with the Greco-Roman world and a close reading of the texts, this study challenges the recent approach and proposes that other factors shaped Paul’s stance. Paul was interested in reassuring the Corinthians about the financial outcome of the collection and dispelling doubts that he might take advantage of them. The collection was an action modeled on divine generosity and an exchange within a reciprocal relationship between Christian groups. This study also surveys intergroup support between Christian groups in the first three centuries CE. This practice involved churches from most of the Mediterranean Basin and was known even outside of Christian circles. Transfers of money were organized according to a consistent pattern modeled on local charitable practices. The Pauline collection had similar characteristics and can be seen as part of this widespread economic practice.
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Dreams, Visions, Imaginations

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ENGLISH

Dreams, Visions, Imaginations - Jewish, Christian And Gnostic Views Of The World To Come

~~159,66€~~ 127,73€ 20% OFF

 The contributions in this volume are focused on the historical origins, religious provenance, and social function of ancient Jewish and Christian apocalyptic literature, including so-called ‘Gnostic’ writings. Although it is disputed whether there was a genre of ‘apocalyptic literature,’ it is obvious that numerous texts from ancient Judaism, early Christianity, and other religious milieus share a specific view of history and the world to come. Many of these writings are presented in form of a heavenly (divine) revelation, mediated through an otherworldly figure (like an angel) to an elected human being who discloses this revelation to his recipients in written form. In different strands of early Judaism, ancient Christianity as well as in Gnosticism, Manichaeism, and Islam, apocalyptic writings played an important role from early on and were produced also in later centuries. One of the most characteristic features of these texts is their specific interpretation of history, based on the knowledge about the upper, divine realm and the world to come. Against this background the volume deals with a wide range of apocalyptic texts from different periods and various religious backgrounds.
ENGLISH

Entering God'S Kingdom (Not) Like A Little Child - Images Of The Child In Matthew, 1 Corinthians, And Thomas

by Eunyung Lim

~~139,13€~~ 111,30€ 20% OFF

 What does it mean to be "like a child" in antiquity? How did early Christ-followers use a childlike condition to articulate concrete qualifications for God’s kingdom? Many people today romanticize Jesus’s welcoming of little children against the backdrop of the ancient world or project modern Christian conceptions of children onto biblical texts. Eschewing such a Christian exceptionalist approach to history, this book explores how the Gospel of Matthew, 1 Corinthians, and the Gospel of Thomas each associate childlikeness with God’s kingdom within their socio-cultural milieus. The book investigates these three texts vis-à-vis philosophical, historical, and archaeological materials concerning ancient children and childhood, revealing that early Christ-followers deployed various aspects of children to envision ideal human qualities or bodily forms. Calling the modern reader’s attention to children’s intellectual incapability, asexuality, and socio-political utility in ancient intellectual thought and everyday practices, the book sheds new light on the rich and diverse theological visions that early Christ-followers pursued by means of images of children.
ENGLISH

Dubious Disciples - Doubt And Disbelief In The Post-Resurrection Scenes Of The Four Gospels

by J. David Woodington

~~141,78€~~ 113,42€ 20% OFF

 The accounts of Jesus''s resurrection in the Gospels are among the most widely discussed passages in the New Testament, and a classic element of the resurrection story is the doubt felt by the disciples when they encountered the risen Lord. In spite of this, scholars have paid relatively little attention to the striking divergences in the portrayal of the disciples across the four Gospels. The Longer Ending of Mark has them stubbornly refuse to believe multiple reports of the resurrection before being upbraided by Christ, Matthew tersely notes their doubts in a single verse and never resolves the problem, Luke depicts a group who are simultaneously terrified and joyful, and John describes the eponymous Doubting Thomas and his request to touch the risen Lord for himself. The Dubious Disciples uses narrative criticism to examine the ways in which each Gospel characterizes the disciples post-resurrection and how these authorial choices influence readers'' evaluations of both the disciples'' doubts and the doubts they may feel in their own lives. The lessons learned about the nature of doubt vary considerably from one Gospel to the next, and this monograph is the first devoted to a comparison of doubt across all four Gospels.
ENGLISH

Power And Peril - Paul''S Use Of Temple Discourse In 1 Corinthians

by Michael K.W. Suh

~~141,78€~~ 113,42€ 20% OFF

 This study probes the significance of Paul''s statement in 1 Corinthians 3:16 announced to a group of believers in Corinth: "Do you not know that you are the temple of God and that the spirit of God dwells among you?" The question is framed in the Greek language such that Paul expected an affirmative response (i.e. ‘Yes, we know we are the temple of God’), and yet mapping such an idea onto a gathering of people is rather unprecedented in antiquity. By surveying relevant literary texts and material culture from the ancient Mediterranean (roughly 400 BCE—200 CE), the author shows how Paul appropriated the concept of temple in his exhortation to the Corinthians. A few key texts in 1 Corinthians can be read as a cohesive and coherent set of passages that unpack the idea of the Corinthians as "the temple of God." While these passages are not typically read together, this study shows how themes such as power and spirit, traditions from Exodus, divine benefits, and sacrificial foods found in these passages reflect similar concerns observed in temples and other sanctuaries in ancient Greek, Roman, and Jewish contexts. Careful analysis of the religious experience of visitors to temples—an important topic that remains largely ignored in secondary literature—gives greater clarity to the nuances of Paul’s temple discourse. As the temple, the Corinthian community not only receives God''s power and benefits, but also remains vulnerable to peril posed by insiders and outsiders.
ENGLISH

Luke/Acts And The End Of History

by Kylie Crabbe

~~146,41€~~ 117,13€ 20% OFF

 Luke/Acts and the End of History investigates how understandings of history in diverse texts of the Graeco-Roman period illuminate Lukan eschatology. In addition to Luke/Acts, it considers ten comparison texts as detailed case studies throughout the monograph: Polybius''s Histories, Diodorus Siculus''s Library of History, Virgil''s Aeneid, Valerius Maximus''s Memorable Doings and Sayings, Tacitus’s Histories, 2 Maccabees, the Qumran War Scroll, Josephus''s Jewish War, 4 Ezra, and 2 Baruch. The study makes a contribution both in its method and in the questions it asks. By placing Luke/Acts alongside a broad range of texts from Luke''s wider cultural setting, it overcomes two methodological shortfalls frequently evident in recent research: limiting comparisons of key themes to texts of similar genre, and separating non-Jewish from Jewish parallels. Further, by posing fresh questions designed to reveal writers'' underlying conceptions of history—such as beliefs about the shape and end of history or divine and human agency in history—this monograph challenges the enduring tendency to underestimate the centrality of eschatology for Luke''s account. Influential post-war scholarship reflected powerful concerns about "salvation history" arising from its particular historical setting, and criticised Luke for focusing on history instead of eschatology due to the parousia’s delay. Though some elements of this thesis have been challenged, Luke continues to be associated with concerns about the delayed parousia, affecting contemporary interpretation. By contrast, this study suggests that viewing Luke/Acts within a broader range of texts from Luke''s literary context highlights his underlying teleological conception of history. It demonstrates not only that Luke retains a sense of eschatological urgency seen in other New Testament texts, but a structuring of history more akin to the literature of late Second Temple Judaism than the non-Jewish Graeco-Roman historiographies with which Luke/Acts is more commonly compared. The results clarify not only Lukan eschatology, but related concerns or effects of his eschatology, such as Luke’s politics and approach to suffering. This monograph thereby offers an important corrective to readings of Luke/Acts based on established exegetical habits, and will help to inform interpretation for scholars and students of Luke/Acts as well as classicists and theologians interested in these key questions.
ENGLISH

Know Yourself - Echoes And Interpretations Of The Delphic Maxim In Ancient Judaism, Christianity, And Philosophy

~~176,23€~~ 140,98€ 20% OFF

 The book explores ancient interpretations and usages of the famous Delphic maxim "know yourself". The primary emphasis is on Jewish, Christian and Greco-Roman sources from the first four centuries CE. The individual contributions examine both direct quotations of the maxim as well as more distant echoes. Most of the sources included in the book have never previously been studied in any detail with a view to their use and interpretation of the Delphic maxim. Thus, the book contributes significantly to the origin and different interpretations of the maxim in antiquity as well as to its reception history in ancient philosophical and theological discourses. The chapters of the book are linked to each other by numerous cross-references which makes it possible to compare the different views of the maxim with each other. It also helps readers to notice relationships and trajectories within the material. The explorations of the relevant sources are also set in the context of ongoing debates about the shape and nature of ancient conceptions of self and self-knowledge. The book thus demonstrates the wide variety of philosophical and theological approaches in that the injunction to know oneself could be viewed and how these interpretations provide windows into ancient discourses about self and self-knowledge.
Dis/Ability In Mark - Representations Of Body And Healing In The Gospel Narrative

by Lena Michelle Nogossek-Raithel

~~143,10€~~ 114,48€ 20% OFF

 The gospel of Mark purposefully employs characters with specific and nuanced representations of dis/ability to portray the unique authority, the engaging message, and the mission of the Markan Jesus. Based on hermeneutical insights from Dis/ability Studies, this monograph is a contribution to the research of culturally and historically normalized corporeality in the biblical scriptures. At the core of the investigation are the healing narratives: passages that explicitly deal with a transformation from a described deviant bodily state to a positively valued corporeality. Lena Nogossek-Raithel not only analyzes the terminological and historical descriptions of these physical phenomena but also investigates their narrative function for the gospel text. The author argues that the images of dis/ability employed are far from accidental. Rather, they significantly influence the narrative’s structure and impact, embody its theological claims, and characterize its protagonist Jesus. With this thorough exegetical analysis, Nogossek-Raithel offers a firm historical foundation for anyone interested in the critical interpretation and theological application of the Markan healing narratives.
ENGLISH

Pauline Baptism Among The Mysteries - Ritual Messages And The Promise Of Initiation

by Donghyun Jeong

~~158,34€~~ 126,67€ 20% OFF

 This monograph provides an alternative model for looking at the old question about Paul and the mysteries in a new light. Specifically, this study compares rituals—baptism in the Pauline communities and the initiation rituals of the mysteries—through the lens of cultural anthropology and the sociology of religion. Three research questions lead the project: What benefits does each initiation ritual promise its participants? What are the underlying messages or structures that guarantee the efficacy of those rituals? How and to what extent is the initiation ritual connected to the participants’ cognition and ethics beyond initiation itself? Taking those questions as the analytical framework, this study substantiates two points: first, in terms of ritual messages, baptism in the Pauline communities is a ritual analogous to mystery initiation, and second, Paul is an innovative interpreter of ritual who recalibrates the messages of preexisting rituals for his theological and ethical program, seeking to radically extend the implications of initiation to the embodied life of every Christ-believer. Students and scholars of New Testament, early Christianity, classics, and ritual studies will benefit from engaging this volume.
ENGLISH

Apostle To The Foreskin - Circumcision In The Letters Of Paul

by Ryan D. Collman

~~137,14€~~ 109,71€ 20% OFF

 This volume offers a comprehensive examination of circumcision and foreskin in the undisputed Pauline epistles. Historically, Paul''s discourse on circumcision has been read through the lens of Paul''s supposed abandonment of Judaism and conversion to ''Christianity.'' Recent scholarship on Paul, however, has challenged the idea that Paul ever abandoned Judaism. In the context of this revisionist reading of Paul, Ryan Collman argues that Paul never repudiates, redefines, or replaces circumcision. Rather, Paul''s discourse on circumcision (and foreskin) is shaped by his understanding of ethnicity and his bifurcation of humanity into the categories of Jews and the nations—the circumcision and the foreskin. Collman argues that Paul does not deny the continuing validity (and importance) of circumcision for Jewish followers of Jesus, but categorically refuses that gentile believers can undergo circumcision. By reading this language in its historical, rhetorical, epistolary, and ethnic contexts, Collman offers a number of new readings of difficult Pauline texts (e.g., Rom 4:9-12; Gal 5:1-4; Phil 3:2-3).
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