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Parametric Electronics - An Introduction

by C.-D. Brandt e K.-H. Locherer

~~118,59€~~ 94,87€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 In this chapter, first the parametric principle is illustrated by two simple examples, one mechanical and one electrical. Then the realization of time varying reactances is explained, followed by a short history of "parametric electronics". This survey demonstrates the importance of parametric circuits in the field of low-noise microwave electronics as well as explains the organization of this book. 1.1 The Parametric Principle An oscillating system comprising a single or several time-varying energy storing elements is called a parametric system; usually the variations are harmonic functions of time. Everybody knows one example of a mechanical parametric system from his childhood, namely, a swing. Therefore, we will start with this example though as it turns out, a swing is a rather compli cated parametric system. Fortunately, the electrical parametric systems, which form the object of this book, are simpler. Figure 1.1 shows such a swing. If it is removed from its equilibrium position and the child stands on it in a fixed attitude, the swing oscillates with a certain amplitude, the magnitude of which decreases with time due to the mechanical friction of the system. To increase the amplitude of oscil lation, the child changes positions during swinging: it crouches and straightens in a certain way twice during one cycle of the swing.
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Insulating Films On Semiconductors - Proceedings Of The Second International Conference, Infos 81, Erlangen, Fed. Rep. Of Germany, April 27-29, 1981

~~118,59€~~ 94,87€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 The INFOS 81 Conference on Insulating Films on Semiconductors was held at the University of Erlangen-NUrnberg in Erlangen from 27 to 29 April 1981. This conference was a sequel to the first conference INFOS 79 held in Durham. INFOS 81 attracted 170 participants from universities, research institutes and industry. Attendants were registered from 15 nations. The biannual topical conference series will be continued by INFOS 83 to be held in Eindhoven, The Netherlands, in April 1983. The conference proceedings include all the invited (Y) and contrlDUtea (42) papers presented at the meeting. The topics range from the basic physical understanding of the properties of insulating films and their interface to semiconductors to the discussion of stability and dielectric strength as well as growing and deposition techniques which are relevant for technical applications. Strong emphasis was given to the semiconductor silicon and its native oxide; however, sessions on compound semiconductors and other insulating films also raised strong interest. The proceedings survey the present state of our understanding of the system of insulating films on semiconductors. As a new aspect of the topic, the properties of semiconductors deposited and laser processed on insulating films was in cluded for the first time.
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Physics Of Highly Charged Ions

by L.P. Presnyakov, R.K. Janev e V.P. Shevelko

~~59,61€~~ 47,69€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 The physics of highly charged ions has become an essential ingredient of many modern research fields, such as x-ray astronomy and astrophysics, con trolled thermonuclear fusion, heavy ion nuclear physics, charged particle ac celerator physics, beam-foil spectroscopy, creation of xuv and x-ray lasers, etc. A broad spectrum of phenomena in high-temperature laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, as well as many aspects of their global physical state and behaviour, are directly influenced, and often fully determined, by the structure and collision properties of multiply charged ions. The growth of in terest in the physics of highly charged ions, experienced especially in the last ten to fifteen years, has stimulated a dramatic increase in research activity in this field and resulted in numerous significant achievements of both fun damental and practical importance. This book is devoted to the basic aspects of the physics of highly charged ions. Its principal aim is to provide a basis for understanding the structure and spectra of these ions, as well as their interactions with other atomic par ticles (electrons, ions, atoms and molecules). Particular attention is paid to the presentation of theoretical methods for the description of different radi ative and collision phenomena involving multiply charged ions. The exper imental material is included only to illustrate the validity of theoretical methods or to demonstrate those physical phenomena for which adequate theoretical descriptions are still absent. The general principles of atomic spectroscopy are included to the extent to which they are pertinent to the subject matter.
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Relativity And Engineering

by Jean Van Bladel

~~118,59€~~ 94,87€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 The main feature of this book is the emphasis on "practice". This approach, unusual in the relativistic literature, may be clarified by quoting some problems discussed in the text: - the analysis of rocket acceleration to relativistic velocities - the influence of gravitational fields on the accuracy of time measurements - the operation of optical rotation sensors - the evaluation of the Doppler spectrum produced by the linear (or ro- tional) motion of an antenna or scatterer - the use of the Cerenkov effect in the design of millimeter-wave power generators - the influence of the motion of a plasma on the transmission of electrom- netic waves through this medium. A correct solution of these (and analogous) problems requires the use of re lativistic principles. This remark remains valid even at low velocities, since first-order terms in (v/c) often playa fundamental role in the equations. The "applicational" approach used in the text should be acceptable to space engineers, nuclear engineers, electrical engineers, and more generally, ap plied physicists. Electrical engineers, in particular, are concerned with re lativity by way of the electrodynamics of moving bodies. This discipline is of decisive importance for power engineers, who are confronted with problems such as - the justification of a forcing function (-D~/Dt) in the circuit equation of a moving loop - a correct formulation of Maxwell''s equations in rotating coordinate systems - the resolution of "sliding contact" paradoxes - a theoretically satisfying analysis of magnetic levitation systems.
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Concert Hall Acoustics

by Yoichi Ando

~~59,61€~~ 47,69€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 The acoustic quality of a concert hall has frequently poseda mysterious puzzle, namely, what physical aspects of thesound field can produce superior sound for the listener. Theauthor has been probing for more than adecade into thesubjective qualities preferred for musical and speechsounds. The result of his extensive investigations - thediscovery that four and only four independent parameterscontribute effectively to good acoustics - is summarized inthe present book. The capability of calculating acousticalquality at any seat in a proposed concert hall is a uniqueand quite useful aspect of Ando''s design method. Alternativearchitectural schemes can be compared based on the number ofseats which exceeds a previously accepted minimum standardof acoustical quality.
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Planar Circuits For Microwaves And Lightwaves

by T. Okoshi

~~59,61€~~ 47,69€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 Until recently, three principal classes had been known in the electrical cir cuitry. They were as follows: 1) The lumped-constant circuit, which should be called a zero-dimensional circuit, in the sense that the circuit elements are much smaller in size as compared with the wavelength in all three spatial directions. 2) The distributed-constant circuit, which should be called a one-dimensional circuit, in the sense that the circuit elements are much smaller than the wavelength in two directions but comparable to the wavelength in one di rection. 3) The waveguide circuit, which should be called a three-dimensional circuit, in the sense that the circuit elements are comparable to the wavelength in all three directions. The principal subject of this book is the analysis and design (synthesis) theories for another circuit class which appeared in the late 1960s and became common in the 1970s. This new circuit class is 4) the planar circuit, which should be called a two-dimensional circuit, in the sense that the circuit elements are much smaller in size as compared with the wavelength in one direction, but comparable to the wavelength in the other two directions.
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Kinetic Theory Of Particles And Photons - Theoretical Foundations Of Non-Lte Plasma Spectroscopy

by Joachim Oxenius

~~145,09€~~ 116,07€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 Many laboratory and astrophysical plasmas show deviations from local ther modynamic equilibrium (LTE). This monograph develops non-LTE plasma spectroscopy as a kinetic theory of particles and photons, considering the radiation field as a photon gas whose distribution function (the radiation in tensity) obeys a kinetic equation (the radiative transfer equation), just as the distribution functions of particles obey kinetic equations. Such a unified ap proach provides clear insight into the physics of non-LTE plasmas. Chapter 1 treats the principle of detailed balance, of central importance for understanding the non-LTE effects in plasmas. Chapters 2, 3 deal with kinetic equations of particles and photons, respectively, followed by a chapter on the fluid description of gases with radiative interactions. Chapter 5 is devoted to the H theorem, and closes the more general first part of the book. The last two chapters deal with more specific topics. After briefly discuss ing optically thin plasmas, Chap. 6 treats non-LTE line transfer by two-level atoms, the line profile coefficients of three-level atoms, and non-Maxwellian electron distribution functions. Chapter 7 discusses topics where momentum exchange between matter and radiation is crucial: the approach to thermal equilibrium through interaction with blackbody radiation, radiative forces, and Compton scattering. A number of appendices have been added to make the book self-contained and to treat more special questions. In particular, Appendix B contains an in troductory discussion of atomic line profile coefficients.
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Picosecond Electronics And Optoelectronics - Proceedings Of The Topical Meeting Lake Tahoe, Nevada, March 13-15, 1985

~~186,16€~~ 148,93€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 Over the past decade, we have witnessed a number of spectacular advances in the fabrication of crystalline semiconductor devices due mainly to the pro gress of the different techni ques of heteroepitaxy. The di scovery of two dimensional behavior of electrons led to the development of a new breed of ultrafast electronic and optical devices, such as modulation doped FETs, permeable base transistors, and double heterojunction transistors. Comparable progress has been made in the domain of cryoelectronics, ultrashort pulse generation, and ultrafast diagnostics. Dye lasers can generate 8 fs signals after compression, diode lasers can be modulated at speeds close to 20 GHz and electrical signals are characterized with subpicosecond accuracy via the electro-optic effect. Presently, we are experiencing an important interplay between the field of optics and electronics; the purpose of this meeting was to foster and enhance the interaction between the two disciplines. It was logical to start the conference by presenting to the two different audiences, i. e. , electronics and optics, the state-of-the-art in the two res pective fields and to highlight the importance of optical techniques in the analysis of physical processes and device performances. One of the leading techniques in this area is the electro-optic sampling technique. This optical technique has been used to characterize transmission lines and GaAs devices. Carrier transport in semiconductors is of fundamental importance and some of its important aspects are stressed in these proceedings.
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Electromagnetic Induction Phenomena

by David Schieber

~~59,61€~~ 47,69€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 From an engineering perspective, Electrodynamics is the province of two cul tures. The most easily identified of the two is primarily concerned with phe nomena in which the propagation of electromagnetic waves is crucial. Includ ed are the designers of microwave circuits, of antennae and of many-wave length communication channels. The interests of the second group focus on dynamical processes associated with the evolution of field sources, whether these be electrons and holes migrating in a semiconductor, or currents diffus ing in a moving metal. Because the second culture is primarily concerned with the interaction be tween electromagnetic fields and media, where the latter are often responsible for the dominant dynamical processes, it addresses applications that are more widely ranging. A few from a very long list would include electrostatic print ing, rotating machines, power transmission apparatus, the electromagnetics of biological systems and physical electronics. Whether by nature or by de sign, the phenomena of interest are generally electro quasi static or magneto quasistatic in this second branch of electrodynamics. It is tempting to say that the two branches of electrodynamics can be distinguished by the frequency range, but electron-beam and microwave-magnetic devices, with their respec tive plasma oscillations and spin waves, are examples where the frequencies can be in the GHz range while the fundamental interactions are quasistatic. By design, so also are those that determine the frequency response of a transistor.
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Picosecond Electronics And Optoelectronics Ii - Proceedings Of The Second Osa-Ieee (Leos) Incline Village, Nevada, January 14-16, 1987

~~118,59€~~ 94,87€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 Over the past five years, there has been an enormous increase in the inter est in and understanding of electronic and optoelectronic devices operating in the picosecond (multigigahertz) range. This has been fueled in a sig nificant way by the spectacular advances in picosecond laser technology, electro optic sampling, III-V devices, and wideband fiber optic systems. Partly to address these advances, a new conference jointly sponsored by the IEEE Lasers and Electrooptics Society (IEEE (LEOS)) and the Op tical Society of America (OSA) was founded and its first meeting held in March 1985. The purpose of this meeting was to bring together work ers in the areas of electronics and optoelectronics who share a common interest in the physics and technology of picosecond solid-state electronic and optoelectronic devices, their multigigahertz applications, and ultrafast measurement techniques. Emphasis was placed on the interdisciplinary as pects of these areas, since each area is covered by its own topical meeting. This meeting was quite successful and led to a second meeting, of which this volume forms the proceedings.
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Photonic Switching - Proceedings Of The First Topical Meeting, Incline Village, Nevada, March 18-20, 1987

~~118,59€~~ 94,87€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 The first topical meeting on Photonic Switching was held March 18-20, 1987 in Incline Village, Nev., USA in conjunction with the second topical meeting on Optical Computing.
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Ultra-Fast Silicon Bipolar Technology

~~59,61€~~ 47,69€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 Since the first bipolar transistor was investigated in 1947, enormous efforts have been devoted to semiconductor devices. The strong world wide competition in fabricating metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect of develop transistor (MOSFET) memories has accelerated the pace ments in semiconductor technology. Bipolar transistors play a major role due to their high-speed performance. Delay times of about 20 ps per gate have already been achieved. Because of this rapid technologi cal progress, it is difficult to predict the future with any certainty. In 1987 a special session on ultrafast bipolar transistors was held at the European Solid-State Device Research Conference. Its aim was to sum marize the most recent developments and to discuss the future of bip olar transistors. This book is based on that session but also includes contributions by other participants, such that a broad range of up-to is presented. Several conclusions can be drawn from date information this information: the first and most important is the very large poten tial for future progress still existing in this field. This progress is char acterized by the drive towards higher speed and lower power con sumption required for complex single-chip systems, as well as by sev eral concrete technological implementations for fulfilling these dem is that a large part of this potential can be ands. The second conclusion realized by rather unsophisticated techniques and configurations well suited to uncomplicated transfer to fabrication.
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Physics Of Quantum Electron Devices

~~59,61€~~ 47,69€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 The ability to engineer the bandstructure and the wavefunction over length scales previously inaccessible to technology using artificially structured materials and nanolithography has led to a new class of electron semiconductor devices whose operation is controlled by quantum effects.
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Guided-Wave Acousto-Optics - Interactions, Devices, And Applications

~~59,61€~~ 47,69€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 The field of integrated- or guided-wave optics has experienced significant and continuous growth since its inception in the late 1960s. There has been a considerable increase in research and development activity in this field worldwide and some significant advances in the realization of working in tegrated optic devices and modules have been made in recent years. In fact, there have already been some commercial manufacturing and technical ap plications of such devices and modules. The guided-wave-acoustooptics involving Bragg interactions between guided optical waves and surface acoustic waves is one of the areas of in tegrated-optics that has reached some degree of scientific and technological maturity. This topical volume is devoted to an in-depth treatment of this emerging branch of science and technology. Presented in this volume are concise treatments on bulk-wave acoustooptics, guided-wave optics, and surface acoustic waves, and detailed studies of guided-wave acoustooptic Bragg diffraction in three promising material substrates, namely, LiNb0 , 3 ZnO/Si0 , and GaAs, the resulting wide band modulators and deflectors, 2 and applications. The chapters cover not only the basic principles and the oretical analysis, but also the design, fabrication, and measurement of the resulting devices and modules, and their applications.
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Nonlinear Photonics

~~59,61€~~ 47,69€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 Nonlinear photonics is the name given to the use of nonlinear optical devices for the generation, communication, processing, or analysis of information. This volume is a progress report on research into practical applications of such devices.
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Photonic Switching Ii - Proceedings Of The International Topical Meeting, Kobe, Japan, April 12-14, 1990

~~118,59€~~ 94,87€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 Outlines the current status of research in photonic switching and details scientific achievements and trends in this field. The topics treated include guided-wave devices, optically controlled devices, space-division switching, and free-space and wavelength-based switching and devices.
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Single-Electron Tunneling And Mesoscopic Devices - Proceedings Of The 4th International Conference Squid ’91 (Sessions On Set And Mesoscopic Devices), Berlin, Fed. Rep. Of Germany, June 18-21, 1991

~~118,59€~~ 94,87€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 At first glance it seems strange that a conference abbreviated SQUID'91 should attract so many papers on non-superconducting devices, and in fact the first SQUID'XX conferences dealt exclusively with the physics and technology of Josephson junctions, SQUIDs and other superconducting devices and their ap- plications.
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Electrophotography And Development Physics

by Lawrence B. Schein

~~59,61€~~ 47,69€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 This study focuses on the complicated technology found in photocopiers and laser printers. A concise description of the physics of the complete electrophotographic process is followed by a treatment of static electricity.
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Monolithic Diode-Laser Arrays

by Nils W. Carlson

~~59,61€~~ 47,69€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 Over the last two decades, the search for a compact, high-power semiconductor source has produced many designs and concepts for monolithic diode-laser arrays and optical amplifiers. However, only a few design approaches have emerged with the potential for producing high-power, high-brightness monolithic sources. Although semiconductor-diode lasers are the most compact, highest gain and most efficient laser sources, challenges remain in developing structures that will produce high-quality, diffraction-limited output beams. This book presents and analyzes the results of work performed over the last twenty years in the development of high-brightness diode-laser arrays.
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Silicon-Based Millimeter-Wave Devices

~~59,61€~~ 47,69€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 Describes theoretical methods for the design and analysis of planar waveguide structures and antennae. The principles and limitations of transit-time devices with different injection mechanisms are discussed, in addition to the aspects of fabrication and characterization.
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High-Speed Electronics - Basic Physical Phenomena And Device Principles Proceedings Of The International Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, August 7-9, 1986

~~118,59€~~ 94,87€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 In the past, a number of Satellite Conferences have been held in con nection with the International Conference on Physics of Semiconductors, covering selected fields of interest. In 1986, when the main conference was held in Stockholm, Sweden, new. phenomena had to be discussed: super lattices, hot ''electron phenomena and new device structures for high-speed applications. The aim was to select topics which would be of interest to physicists as well as to electronics engineers. Therefore a Satellite Con ference on H!gh-Speed Electronics, Basic Physical Phenomena and Device Principles, was arranged at Saltjobaden, a coastal resort near Stockholm. An organizing committee was established after the first suggestion made by Professor Grimmeiss from the University of Lund, Sweden, and some preliminary discussions on the Conference format. A Program Committee was established to be responsible for the further selection of the invited talks, the regular papers and poster presentation. The aim was to have a broad spectrum of contributions to attract physicists as well as device oriented engineers and to stimulate discussions among the participants. These Proceedings contain all oral and poster presentations, with em phasis on the invited talks, which give a competent overview of the field. The fast publication by Springer-Verlag has permitted the presentation of an up-to-date survey of the principles of high-speed electronics. Incorpo ration in the Springer Series in Electronics and Photonics will enable the book to be distributed worldwide and to reach all interested scientists.
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Noise In Physical Systems - Proceedings Of The Fifth International Conference On Noise, Bad Nauheim, Fed. Rep. Of Germany, March 13-16, 1978

~~118,59€~~ 94,87€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 Noise in physical systems - as a consequence of the corpuscular nature of matter - conveys information about microscopic mechanisms determining the macroscopic behavior of the system. In recent years the continuous scientific and technical interest in noise problems has led to a remarkable progress in the understanding of noise phenomena.
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Very Large Scale Integration (Vlsi) - Fundamentals And Applications

~~118,59€~~ 94,87€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 Even elementary school students of today know that electronics can do fan tastic things. Electronic calculators make arithmetic easy. An electronic box connected to your TV set provides a wonderful array of games. Electronic boxes can translate languages! Electronics has even changed watches from a pair of hands to a set of digits. Integrated circuit (IC) chips, which use transistors to store information in binary form and perform binary arithmetic, make all of this possible. In just a short twenty years, the field of inte grated circuits has progressed from chips containing several transistors performing simple functions such as OR and AND functions to chips presently available which contain thousands of transistors performing a wide range of memory, control and arithmetic functions. In the late 1970''s Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) caught the imagin ation of the industrialized world. The United States, Japan and other coun tries now have substantial efforts to push the frontier of microelectronics across the one-micrometer barrier and into sub-micrometer features. The achievement of this goal will have tremendous impl ications, both technolo gical and economic for the countries involved.
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Guided-Wave Optoelectronics

~~59,61€~~ 47,69€ 20% OFF + 5% CARD

 The first guided-wave components that employed signals in the form of light beams traveling along thin films were fabricated a little more than two decades ago. The parallel development of semiconductor lasers and the subsequent availability of low-loss optical fibers made possible the imple mentation of completely optical systems for communications, signal pro cessing and other applications that had used only electronic circuitry in the past. Referred to as integrated optics, this technology has been rein forced by utilizing electronic components that act as controlling elements or perform other functions for which the optical counterparts are not as effec tive. The broader area thus generated was aptly named optoelectronics and it currently represents a fascinating, rapidly evolving and most promising technology. Specifically, the amalgamation of electronic and optics compo nents into an integrated optoelectronics format is expected to provide a wide range of systems having miniaturized, high speed, broad band and reliable components for telecommunications, data processing, optical computing and other applications in the near and far future. This book is intended to cover primarily the optical portion of the op toelectronics area by focusing on the theory and applications of components that use guided optical waves. Hence all aspects of integrated optics are dis cussed, but optoelectronic components having primarily electronic rather than optical functions have not been included. Each chapter has been writ ten by experts who have actively participated in developing the specific areas addressed by them.
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