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Transport In Plants I - Phloem Transport

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 When WILHELM RUHLAND developed his plan for an Encyclopedia of Plant Physiol ogy more than three decades ago, biology could still be conveniently subdivided into classical areas. Even within plant physiology, subdivisions were not too difficult to make, and general principles could be covered sufficiently in the two introductory volumes of the Encyclopedia on the physical and chemical basis of cell biology. But the situation changed rapidly even during the 12-year publication period of the Encyclopedia (1955-1967). The new molecular direction of genetics and structural research on biopolymers had an integrating effect on all other biological fields, including plant physiology, and it became increasingly difficult to keep previously distinct areas separated. RUHLAND''S overall plan included 18 volumes and about 22,000 pages. It covered the entire field of plant physiology, in most cases from the very beginning. But, as each volume appeared, it was clear that its content would soon be outdated.
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Transport In Plants Ii - Part A Cells

118,59€ + 10% CARD

 As plant physiology increased steadily in the latter half of the 19th century, problems of absorption and transport of water and of mineral nutrients and problems of the passage of metabolites from one cell to another were investigated, especially in Germany. JUSTUS VON LIEBIG, who was born in Darmstadt in 1803, founded agricultural chemistry and developed the techniques of mineral nutrition in agricul ture during the 70 years of his life. The discovery of plasmolysis by NAGEL! (1851), the investigation of permeability problems of artificial membranes by TRAUBE (1867) and the classical work on osmosis by PFEFFER (1877) laid the foundations for our understanding of soluble substances and osmosis in cell growth and cell mechanisms. Since living membranes were responsible for controlling both water movement and the substances in solution, "permeability" became a major topic for investigation and speculation. The problems then discussed under that heading included passive permeation by diffusion, Donnan equilibrium adjustments, active transport processes and antagonism between ions. In that era, when organelle isolation by differential centrifugation was unknown and the electron microscope had not been invented, the number of cell membranes, their thickness and their composition, were matters for conjecture. The nature of cell surface membranes was deduced with remarkable accuracy from the reactions of cells to substances in solution. In 1895, OVERTON, in U. S. A. , published the hypothesis that membranes were probably lipid in nature because of the greater penetration by substances with higher fat solubility.
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Transport In Plants Ii - Part B Tissues And Organs

118,59€ + 10% CARD

 In the first part (Part A) of this volume on transport, there was an emphasis on the processes occurring at the membranes bounding the cells. It was convenient to distinguish active and passive processes of transport across the membranes, and to recognize that certain transport processes may be regulated by internal factors in the cells such as cytoplasmic pH, concentrations of ions, of malate or of sugar in the vacuoles, or the hydrostatic pressure. Cells in tissues and organs show the same kinds of properties as individual cells, but in addition there can be cell to cell transport related to the organization of the tissue. Firstly cells within a tissue are separated from the external solutions by a diffusion path comprising parts of the cell walls and intercellular spaces; more generally this extra-cytoplasmic part of the tissue has been called the apoplasm. A similar term is "free space". Secondly, the anatomy of cells in tissues seems to allow some facilitated, local transport between cells in a symplasm. Entry into the symplast and subsequent transport in a symplasmic continuum seems to be privileged, in that ions may not have to mix with the bulk of the cytoplasm and can pass from cell to cell in particular cytoplasmic structures, plasmodesmata. In Chara plants, this kind of transport is found operating across the multi-cellular nodes as the main means of transport between the long internodal cells.
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Physiological Plant Pathology

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 Plant pathology embraces all aspects of biological and scientific activity which are concerned with understanding the complex phenomena of diseases in plants.
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Transport In Plants Iii - Intracellular Interactions And Transport Processes

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 The problems associated with the movement of water and solutes throughout the plant body have intrigued students of plants since Malpighi''s conclusions in 1675 and 1679 that nutrient sap flows upward and downward in stems through vessels in both wood and bark. Steven Hale''s ingenious experiments on the movement of water in plants in 1726 and Hartig''s observations of sieve-tube exudation in the mid-19th century set the stage for continued intensive studies on long-range transport in plants. In spite of this interest for more than 200 years in the movement of solutes and water in plants, it has only been within the last 20 to 30 years that extensive research effort has been directed toward a critical evaluation of the interactions among the various cellular organelles. The important roles played by the exchange of metabolites in the control and regulation of cellular processes is now widely recognized, but in most instances poorly understood.
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Photosynthesis I - Photosynthetic Electron Transport And Photophosphorylation

171,59€ + 10% CARD

 As editor of the two-part Volume V on photosynthesis in RUHLAND''S Encyclopedia, the forerunner of this series published in 1960, I have been approached by the editors of the present volume to provide a short preface. The justification for following this suggestion lies in the great changes which have been taking place in biology in the two decades between these publications, changes which are reflected in the new editorial plan. Twenty years ago it appeared convenient and formally easy to consider photo synthesis as a clearly separated field of research, which could be dealt with under two major headings: one presenting primarily photochemical and biochemical prin ciples, the other physiological and environmental studies. Such a partition, however, as far as aims and opinions of the authors were concerned, resulted in a rather heterogeneous volume. Today, the tendency in experimental biology is towards a merger of previously distinct disciplines. Biochemists and biophysicists have developed their methods to such an extent that, over and above the analysis of individual reaction sequences, work on the manifold interrelationships among cellular activities has become in creasingly possible. Joining them in growing numbers are the physiologists and ecologists with their wealth of information on activity changes in vivo and on the variability and efficiency of the organisms concerned. Furthermore, biochemists, biophysicists and physiologists also now share a lively interest in ultrastructure research, the results and implications of which, through continually improving methodology, have generated important stimuli for the work in the field of cell function.
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Photosynthesis Ii - Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism And Related Processes

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 With contributions by numerous experts
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Hormonal Regulation Of Development I - Molecular Aspects Of Plant Hormones

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 This is the first of the set of three volumes in the Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, that will cover the area of the hormonal regulation of plant growth and development. The overall plan for the set assumes that this area of plant physiology is sufficiently mature for a review of current knowledge to be organized in terms of unifying principles and processes. Reviews in the past have generally treated each class of hormone individually, but this set of volumes is subdivided according to the properties common to all classes. Such an organization permits the examination of the hypothesis that differing classes of hormones, acting according to common principles, are determinants of processes and phases in plant development. Also in keeping with this theme, a plant hormone is defined as a compound with the properties held in common by the native members of the recognized classes of hormone. Current knowledge of the hormonal regulation of plant development is grouped so that the three volumes consider advancing levels of organizational complexity, viz: molecular and subcellular; cells, tissues, organs, and the plant as an organized whole; and the plant in relation to its environment. The present volume treats the molecular and subcellular aspects of hormones and the processes they regulate. Although it deals with chemically distinct classes of hormone, this volume stresses properties and modes of studying them, that are common to all classes.
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Hormonal Regulation Of Development Ii - The Functions Of Hormones From The Level Of The Cell To The Whole Plant

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 This is the second of the set of three volumes in the Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, that will cover the area of the hormonal regulation of plant growth and development.
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Hormonal Regulation Of Development Iii - Role Of Environmental Factors

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 With contributions by numerous experts
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Physiological Plant Ecology Ii - Water Relations And Carbon Assimilation

by Otto L. Lange

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 O. L. LANGE, P. S. NOBEL, C. B. OSMOND, and H. ZIEGLER In the original series of the Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, plant water relations and photosynthesis were treated separately, and the connection between phenomena was only considered in special chapters. O. STOCKER edited Vol ume III, Pjlanze und Wasser/Water Relations of Plants in 1956, and 4 years later, Volume V, Parts I and 2, Die COrAssimilation/The Assimilation of Carbon Dioxide appeared, edited by A. PIRSON. Until recently, there has also been a tendency to cover these aspects of plant physiology separately in most text books. Without doubt, this separation is justifiable. If one is specifically inter ested, for example in photosynthetic electron transport, in details of photophos phorylation, or in carbon metabolism in the Calvin cycle, it is not necessary to ask how these processes relate to the water relations of the plant. Accordingly, this separate coverage has been maintained in the New Series of the Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology. The two volumes devoted exclusively to photosynthesis are Volume 5, Photosynthesis I, edited by A. TREBST and M. AVRON, and Volume 6, Photosynthesis II, edited by M. GIBBS and E. LATZKO. When consider ing carbon assimilation and plant water relations from an ecological point of view, however, we have to recognize that this separation is arbitrary.
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Physiological Plant Ecology Iii - Responses To The Chemical And Biological Environment

by C. B. Osmond, H. Ziegler, O. L. Lange e P. S. Nobel

171,59€ + 10% CARD

 O.L. LANGE, P.S. NOBEL, C.B. OSMOND, and H. ZIEGLER Growth, development and reproductive success of individual plants depend on the interaction, within tolerance limits, of the factors in the physical, chemical and biological environment. The first two volumes of this series addressed fea tures of the physical environment (Vol. 12A) and the special responses of land plants as they relate to water use and carbon dioxide assimilation (Vol. 12B). In this volume we consider specific aspects of the chemical and biological envi ronment, and whereas the previous volumes were primarily concerned with the atmospheric interactions, our emphasis here shifts very much to the soil. This complex medium for plant growth was briefly reviewed in Chapter 17, Volume 12A. Since it is difficult to determine the precise physical and chemical interactions in the soil, it is even more difficult to determine the important biological interactions among organisms. Nevertheless there is growing aware ness of the significance of these interactions and their effects on physiological processes in the individual plant.
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Physiological Plant Ecology Iv - Ecosystem Processes: Mineral Cycling, Productivity And Man’S Influence

by C. B. Osmond, H. Ziegler, O. L. Lange e P. S. Nobel

171,59€ + 10% CARD

 O. L. LANGE, P. S. NOBEL, C. B. OSMOND, and H. ZIEGLER In the last volume of the series ''Physiological Plant Ecology'' we have asked contributors to address the bases of ecosystem processes in terms of key plant physiological properties. It has often been suggested that it is not profitable to attempt analysis of complex living systems in terms of the properties of component individuals or populations, i. e. , the whole is more than the sum of its parts. Nevertheless, assessments of ecological research over the last century show that other approaches are seldom more helpful. Although it is possible to describe complex systems of living organisms in holistic terms, the most useful descriptions are found in terms of the birth, growth and death of individ uals. This allows analysis of performance of the parts of the whole considering their synergistic and antagonistic interrelationships and is the basis for a synthe sis which elucidates the specific properties of a system. Thus it seemsthat the description of ecosystem processes is inevitably anchored in physiological under standing. If enquiry into complex living systems is to remain a scientific exercise, it must retain tangible links with physiology. Of course, as was emphasized in Vol. 12A, not all of our physiological understanding is required to explore ecosystem processes. For pragmatic purposes, the whole may be adequantely represented as a good deal less than the sum of its parts.
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Plant Carbohydrates Ii - Extracellular Carbohydrates

118,59€ + 10% CARD

 With contributions by numerous experts
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Nucleic Acids And Proteins In Plants I - Structure, Biochemistry And Physiology Of Proteins

171,59€ + 10% CARD

 With contributions by numerous experts
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Plant Carbohydrates I - Intracellular Carbohydrates

118,59€ + 10% CARD

 With contributions by numerous experts
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Inorganic Plant Nutrition

118,59€ + 10% CARD

 The first book bearing the title of this volume, Inorganic Plant Nutrition, was written by D.
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Photomorphogenesis

171,59€ + 10% CARD

 With contributions by numerous experts
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Cellular Interactions

118,59€ + 10% CARD

 With contributions by numerous experts
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Higher Plant Cell Respiration

118,59€ + 10% CARD

 With contributions by numerous experts
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Photosynthesis Iii - Photosynthetic Membranes And Light Harvesting Systems

118,59€ + 10% CARD

 The Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology series has turned several times to the topic of photosynthesis. In the original series, two volumes edited by A. PIRSON and published in 1960 provided a broad overview of the entire field. Although the New Series has devoted three volumes to the same topic, the overall breadth of the coverage has had to be restricted to allow for greater in-depth treatment of three major areas of modern photosynthesis research: I. Photosynthetic Elec tron Transport and Photophosphorylation (Volume 5 edited by A. TREBST and M. AvRON, and published in 1977); II. Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism and Related Processes (Volume 6 edited by M. GIBBS and E. LATZKO, and published in 1979); and III. Photosynthetic Membranes and Light-Harvesting Systems (this volume). As we approached the organization of the current volume, we chose a set of topics for coverage that would complement the earlier volumes, as well as provide updates of areas that have seen major advances in recent years. In addition, we wanted to emphasize the following changes in the study of photo synthetic systems which have become increasingly important since 1977: the trend toward increased integration of biochemical and biophysical approaches to study photosynthetic membranes and light-harvesting systems, and a renewed appreciation of the structural parameters of membrane organization.
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General Index

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 With about 50,000 entries and subentries, this General Indexcovers all 25 Volumes and Parts of the well-knownENCYCLOPEDIA OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY. NEW SERIES. Meticulouslycompiled by one person, the editor of the series, the indexguarantees homogeneous criteria in the selection of allentries.In addition to the entries and for easy reference, thetables of contents of all volumes in the series arealso listed.This index makes the entire field of plant physiologyaccessibleto all researchers and teachers.
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Physiological Plant Ecology I - Responses To The Physical Environment

by C. B. Osmond, H. Ziegler, O. L. Lange e P. S. Nobel

171,59€ + 10% CARD
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Nucleic Acids And Proteins In Plants Ii - Structure, Biochemistry, And Physiology Of Nucleic Acids

by Benno Parthier e Donald Boulter

118,59€ + 10% CARD
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