Arthur Schopenhauer

Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), born in Danzig, in present-day Poland, was one of the greatest philosophers of the nineteenth century. Instead, during his numerous travels, he wrote a series of melancholy and defeatist considerations about the misery of the human condition.
Eventually devoting himself exclusively to philosophical reflection, Schopenhauer worked intensively in Frankfurt, writing and publishing several books that did not achieve great success. Recognition came posthumously, and his writings on religion, psychology, ethics, and politics – which reflect his pessimistic view of human nature – influenced existentialist philosophy and Freudian thought and directly affected the works of several philosophers. The essay How to Win an Argument (Even Without Reason) was first published after his death and became one of his most famous works.